Preface for Instructors
Note to Students
 
EVALUATING IDEAS: An Introduction to Critical Reading
WRITING ABOUT IDEAS: An Introduction to Rhetoric
 
PART ONE: GOVERNMENT 
Some Considerations about the Nature of Government
Lao-Tzu, Thoughts from the Tao Te Ching
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Qualities of the Prince
Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence
*José Ortega y Gasset, The Greatest Danger, the State
*Francis Fukuyama, Why Did Democracy Spread?
*Cornel West, The Deep Democratic Tradition in America
Benazir Bhutto, Islam and Democracy
Reflections on the Nature of Government

PART TWO: CULTURE 
Some Considerations about the Nature of Culture
Frederick Douglass, from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
Sigmund Freud, The Oedipus Complex
Carl Jung, The Personal and the Collective Unconscious
Virginia Woolf, Shakespeare’s Sister
Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail
*Frantz Fanon, On Violence
*Barbara Ehrenreich, Is the Middle Class Doomed?
Reflections on the Nature of Culture
 
PART THREE:   WEALTH
Some Considerations about the Nature of Wealth
*Adam Smith, The Value of Labor
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth
F.A. Hayek, Economic Control and Totalitarianism
Robert Reich, Why the Rich Get Rich and the Poor Get Poorer
*Robin Kimmerer, The Gift of the Strawberry
*Dambisa Moyo, Economic Growth Matters to Ordinary People
Reflections on the Nature of Wealth
 
PART FOUR:   EDUCATION 
Some Considerations about the Nature of Education
*Michel Eyquem De Montaigne, Of the Education of Children *Maria Montessori, The Montessori Method
*Diane Ravitch, The Essentials of a Good Education
*Marilynne Robinson, What Are We Doing Here?
*Howard Gardner, A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
*Martha Nussbaum, Education for Democracy
*Bell Hooks, Educating Women
Reflections on the Nature of Education
 
PART FIVE:   ETHICS 
Some Considerations about the Nature of Ethics
 Aristotle, The Aim of Man
Hsun Tzu, Man’s Nature is Evil
*W. E. B. Du Bois, The Soul of White Folks
*Mary Midgely, Trying Out One’s Sword
*Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices
Michael Gazzaniga, Toward a Universal Ethics
*Kwame Anthony Appiah, If You’re Happy and You Know It
 Reflections on the Nature of Ethics
 
PART SIX:   GENDER 
Some Considerations about the Nature of Gender
Mary Wollstonecraft, Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society
Karen Horney, The Distrust Between the Sexes
*Simone De Beauvoir, If Man and Woman Were Equal
*Judith Lorber, Paradoxes of Gender
*Molly Haskell, Who Has It Better, Men or Women?
*Catherine A. MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment: Its First Decade in Court
Judith Butler, From Undoing Gender
Reflections on the Nature of Gender
 
PART SEVEN: SCIENCE
Some Considerations about the Nature of Science
Plato, The Allegory of the Cave
Francis Bacon, The Four Idols
 Charles Darwin, Natural Selection
*Rachel Carson, The Obligation to Endure
Michio Kaku, The Theory of the Universe?
*Ruth Moore, Evolution Revised
*James Gleick, What Is Time?
Reflections on the Nature of Science
 
Acknowledgements
Index of Rhetorical Terms

50% new readings by thinkers who have influenced – and are influencing – our world today. Highlights include:

• Writer and teacher Robin Wall Kimmerer’s “The Gift of the Strawberry” (from her award-winning 2013 book Braiding Sweetgrass) explores the intersection of indigenous gift economies and modern capitalism, calling into question how we understand the concept of wealth.
• Psychiatrist and philosopher Franz Fanon’s “On Violence” (from his essential 1961 book The Wretched of the Earth) considers the impact of violence on the psychology of colonizers and colonized.
• Pulitzer prize-winning writer Marilynne Robinson’s “What Are We Doing Here?” (from her 2018 book of the same name) reflects on the role of the humanities and religion in today’s polarized and politicized world.
   
  Two new foundational ideas explore enduring themes that affect students’ lives:
• Education. With selections from Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Maria Montessori, Diane Ravitch, Marilynne Robinson, Howard Gardner, Martha Nussbaum, and bell hooks, this theme explores how our society has developed its concept of education and what the purpose of education is today.
• Gender. With selections from Mary Wollstonecraft, Karen Horney, Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Lorber, Molly Haskell, Catharine MacKinnon, and Judith Butler, this theme considers the development of the category of gender and how this category is being reconceived.

More support makes great ideas accessible for all student writers.

• To help all levels of students succeed with the readings and writing assignments in A World of Ideas, Chapters One and Two include a greater number of stepped-out examples and scaffolded instruction; coverage that is more modular so that students can find help quickly; and additional coverage of strategies to help students engage with what they’re reading, including deeper coverage of annotation and peer discussions.
• To help students connect the reading they are doing both within and beyond each theme, the “Connections” questions after each reading have been expanded and are now a separate section, helping students to apply the ideas of one thinker to other readings and to the broader world.