The U.S. War with Mexico
First Edition ©2008 Ernesto Chavez Formats: E-book, Print
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Authors
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Ernesto Chavez
Ernesto Chavez (PhD, University of California, Los Angeles) is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at El Paso. Chavez’s research interests center on the Mexican and Mexican American past. His first book, Mi Raza Primero! (My People First): Nationalism, Identity, and Insurgency in the Chicano Movement in Los Angeles, 1966-1978, was published in 2002 and focused on the rise of the Chicano movement in this California city. At present, he is working on a biography of Mexican-born, silent film star Ramon Novarro, tentatively titled Crossing the Boundaries of Race, Religion, and Desire: The Life of Ramon Novarro.
Table of Contents
Preface
Map: Contested Terrain in the U.S. War with Mexico
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION: Race, Manifest Destiny, and the U.S. War with Mexico
Manifest Destiny
Neighboring Republics
Indians and Westward Expansion
Colonizing Texas
The Republic of Texas and U.S.-Mexico Diplomatic Relations
Toward War
Popular Opinion and the War in the United States
Waging the War
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Foreigners in Their Native Land
Manifest Destiny Exported
Conclusion
PART TWO. THE DOCUMENTS
1. John L. O’Sullivan, Annexation, July–August 1845
2. U.S. Congress, Naturalization Act, March 26, 1790
3. Agustín de Iturbide, Plan de Iguala, February 24, 1821
4. Mexican Constitutional Congress, Mexican Constitution, 1824
5. U.S. Congress, Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830
6. United States and Kingdom of Spain, Treaty of San Lorenzo, October 27, 1795
7. United States and France, Louisiana Purchase Treaty, April 30, 1803
8. Mexican Government, National Colonization Law, August 18, 1824
9. Legislature of Coahuila-Texas, Coahuila-Texas State Colonization Law, March 24, 1825
10. Manuel Mier y Terán, Letter to War Department, November 29, 1829
11. Benjamin Lundy, Conditions for African Americans in Mexican Texas, 1833
12. Texan Consultation of Representatives, Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836
13. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Message to the Inhabitants of Texas, March 7, 1836
14. Eulalia Yorba, Another Story of the Alamo: The Battle Described by an Alleged Eyewitness, April 1896
15. El Mosquito Mexicano, Article Criticizing U.S. Interests in Texas, June 14, 1836
16. Daniel Webster, The Admission of Texas December 22, 1845
17. John Slidell, Diplomatic Dispatch to James Buchanan, January 1846
18. General Pedro de Ampudia and General Zachary Taylor, Dispatches, April 12, 1846
19. General Zachary Taylor, Dispatch to Adjutant General of the Army, April 26, 1846
20. President James K. Polk, War Message to Congress, May 11, 1846
21. Hugh White, Statement Against the Two-Million-Dollar Bill, August 8, 1846
22. David Wilmot, Wilmot Proviso, August 8, 1846
23. Frederick Douglass, The War With Mexico, January 21, 1848
24. New York Herald, Editorial in Support of the War with Mexico, February 20, 1847
25. Walt Whitman, War With Mexico, May 11, 1846
26. Theodore Parker, A Sermon of the Mexican War, June 1846
27. Henry David Thoreau, On Civil Disobedience, 1848
28. Women of Exeter, England, and Philadelphia, Women’s Peace Petition, June 1846
29. Susan Shelby Magoffin, Comments on Mexican Women, 1846
30. American Officer, The Virtues of Mexican Women, September 1846
31. Henry William Herbert, Pierre the Partisan: A Tale of the Mexican Marches, 1848
32. Our Jonathan, Song of the Volunteers, 1846
33. John Greenleaf Whittier, The Angels of Buena Vista, 1847
34. James Russell Lowell, The Biglow Papers, 1846
35. George Wilkins Kendall, The Mexican Joan of Arc, January 12, 1847
36. Samuel E. Chamberlain, My Confession, 1855
37. Ramón Alcaraz, Description of the Battle of Buena Vista, 1850
38. Citizens of New Mexico, Report to the President of Mexico, September 26, 1846
39. Ralph W. Kirkham, Description of the City of Puebla, June 28, 1847
40. Gideon Johnson Pillow, Letter to Mary Hamilton Pillow, September 28, 1847
41. American Star, Comment on Interactions Between Mexicans and Americans, November 6, 1847
42. Ramón Alcaraz, Observations on the American Occupation of Mexico City, 1850
43. John C. Calhoun, Speech on the War with Mexico, January 4, 1848
44. United States and Mexico, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 1848
45. President Manuel de la Peña y Peña, An Address in Support of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, May 7, 1848
46. Manuel Crescencio Rejón, Observations on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, April 17, 1848
47. Nathan Clifford, The Protocol of Querétaro, 1848
48. U.S. Congress, California Land Act, March 3, 1851
49. California Landowners, Petition to the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, February 11, 1859
50. Juan N. Seguín, A Foreigner in My Native Land, 1858
51. Francisco Ramírez, Californian Hospitality, September 18, 1855
52. Los Angeles Star, An Interview with Noted Bandit Tiburcio Vásquez, May 16, 1874
53. Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, This is Our Manifest Destiny, November 24, 1897
Appendixes
A Chronology of Events Related to the U.S.-Mexico War (1789–1897)
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index
Product Updates
Authors
-
Ernesto Chavez
Ernesto Chavez (PhD, University of California, Los Angeles) is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at El Paso. Chavez’s research interests center on the Mexican and Mexican American past. His first book, Mi Raza Primero! (My People First): Nationalism, Identity, and Insurgency in the Chicano Movement in Los Angeles, 1966-1978, was published in 2002 and focused on the rise of the Chicano movement in this California city. At present, he is working on a biography of Mexican-born, silent film star Ramon Novarro, tentatively titled Crossing the Boundaries of Race, Religion, and Desire: The Life of Ramon Novarro.
Table of Contents
Preface
Map: Contested Terrain in the U.S. War with Mexico
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION: Race, Manifest Destiny, and the U.S. War with Mexico
Manifest Destiny
Neighboring Republics
Indians and Westward Expansion
Colonizing Texas
The Republic of Texas and U.S.-Mexico Diplomatic Relations
Toward War
Popular Opinion and the War in the United States
Waging the War
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Foreigners in Their Native Land
Manifest Destiny Exported
Conclusion
PART TWO. THE DOCUMENTS
1. John L. O’Sullivan, Annexation, July–August 1845
2. U.S. Congress, Naturalization Act, March 26, 1790
3. Agustín de Iturbide, Plan de Iguala, February 24, 1821
4. Mexican Constitutional Congress, Mexican Constitution, 1824
5. U.S. Congress, Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830
6. United States and Kingdom of Spain, Treaty of San Lorenzo, October 27, 1795
7. United States and France, Louisiana Purchase Treaty, April 30, 1803
8. Mexican Government, National Colonization Law, August 18, 1824
9. Legislature of Coahuila-Texas, Coahuila-Texas State Colonization Law, March 24, 1825
10. Manuel Mier y Terán, Letter to War Department, November 29, 1829
11. Benjamin Lundy, Conditions for African Americans in Mexican Texas, 1833
12. Texan Consultation of Representatives, Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836
13. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Message to the Inhabitants of Texas, March 7, 1836
14. Eulalia Yorba, Another Story of the Alamo: The Battle Described by an Alleged Eyewitness, April 1896
15. El Mosquito Mexicano, Article Criticizing U.S. Interests in Texas, June 14, 1836
16. Daniel Webster, The Admission of Texas December 22, 1845
17. John Slidell, Diplomatic Dispatch to James Buchanan, January 1846
18. General Pedro de Ampudia and General Zachary Taylor, Dispatches, April 12, 1846
19. General Zachary Taylor, Dispatch to Adjutant General of the Army, April 26, 1846
20. President James K. Polk, War Message to Congress, May 11, 1846
21. Hugh White, Statement Against the Two-Million-Dollar Bill, August 8, 1846
22. David Wilmot, Wilmot Proviso, August 8, 1846
23. Frederick Douglass, The War With Mexico, January 21, 1848
24. New York Herald, Editorial in Support of the War with Mexico, February 20, 1847
25. Walt Whitman, War With Mexico, May 11, 1846
26. Theodore Parker, A Sermon of the Mexican War, June 1846
27. Henry David Thoreau, On Civil Disobedience, 1848
28. Women of Exeter, England, and Philadelphia, Women’s Peace Petition, June 1846
29. Susan Shelby Magoffin, Comments on Mexican Women, 1846
30. American Officer, The Virtues of Mexican Women, September 1846
31. Henry William Herbert, Pierre the Partisan: A Tale of the Mexican Marches, 1848
32. Our Jonathan, Song of the Volunteers, 1846
33. John Greenleaf Whittier, The Angels of Buena Vista, 1847
34. James Russell Lowell, The Biglow Papers, 1846
35. George Wilkins Kendall, The Mexican Joan of Arc, January 12, 1847
36. Samuel E. Chamberlain, My Confession, 1855
37. Ramón Alcaraz, Description of the Battle of Buena Vista, 1850
38. Citizens of New Mexico, Report to the President of Mexico, September 26, 1846
39. Ralph W. Kirkham, Description of the City of Puebla, June 28, 1847
40. Gideon Johnson Pillow, Letter to Mary Hamilton Pillow, September 28, 1847
41. American Star, Comment on Interactions Between Mexicans and Americans, November 6, 1847
42. Ramón Alcaraz, Observations on the American Occupation of Mexico City, 1850
43. John C. Calhoun, Speech on the War with Mexico, January 4, 1848
44. United States and Mexico, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 1848
45. President Manuel de la Peña y Peña, An Address in Support of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, May 7, 1848
46. Manuel Crescencio Rejón, Observations on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, April 17, 1848
47. Nathan Clifford, The Protocol of Querétaro, 1848
48. U.S. Congress, California Land Act, March 3, 1851
49. California Landowners, Petition to the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, February 11, 1859
50. Juan N. Seguín, A Foreigner in My Native Land, 1858
51. Francisco Ramírez, Californian Hospitality, September 18, 1855
52. Los Angeles Star, An Interview with Noted Bandit Tiburcio Vásquez, May 16, 1874
53. Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, This is Our Manifest Destiny, November 24, 1897
Appendixes
A Chronology of Events Related to the U.S.-Mexico War (1789–1897)
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index
Product Updates
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The U.S. War with Mexico
The U.S. war with Mexico was a pivotal event in American history, it set crucial wartime precedents and served as a precursor for the impending Civil War. With a powerful introduction and rich collection of documents, Ernesto Ch‡vez makes a convincing case that as an expansionist war, the U.S.-Mexico conflict set a new standard for the acquisition of foreign territory through war. Equally important, the war racialized the enemy, and in so doing accentuated the nature of whiteness and white male citizenship in the U.S., especially as it related to conquered Mexicans, Indians, slaves, and even women. The war, along with ongoing westward expansion, heightened public debates in the North and South about slavery and its place in newly-acquired territories. In addition, Ch‡vez shows how the political, economic and social development of each nation played a critical role in the path to war and its ultimate outcome. Both official and popular documents offer the events leading up to the war, the politics surrounding it, popular sentiment in both countries about it, and the war’s long-term impact on the future development and direction of these two nations. Headnotes, a chronology, maps and a selected bibliography enrich student understanding of this important historical moment.
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