|
II. |
Civilizations of
Africa |
|
A. |
Meroë: Continuing a
Nile
Valley
Civilization |
|
|
1. |
Egypt
and
Nubia |
|
|
2. |
Kings and queens of Meroë |
|
|
3. |
Agriculture and long-distance
trade |
|
|
4. |
Coptic for 1,000 years |
|
B. |
Axum: The Making
of a
Christian
Kingdom |
|
|
1. |
Plow agriculture and
Indian Ocean trade |
|
|
2. |
Monumental buildings and
court culture |
|
|
3. |
Conversion to Christianity
and imperial expansion |
|
C. |
Along the
Niger River: Cities without States |
|
|
1. |
Urbanization without imperial
or bureaucratic systems |
|
|
2. |
Iron working and other
specializations |
|
|
3. |
Regional West African trade
system |
|
III. |
Civilizations
of
Mesoamerica |
|
A. |
The Maya: Writing
and Warfare |
|
|
1. |
As early as 2000 B.C.E. |
|
|
2. |
Urban centers, mathematics,
and astronomy |
|
|
3. |
Engineered agriculture |
|
|
4. |
Competing city-states |
|
|
5. |
A century of collapse after
840 B.C.E. |
|
B. |
Teotihuacán: The
Americas’ Greatest
City |
|
|
1. |
Planned, enormous, and still a mystery |
|
|
2. |
150 B.C.E.–650 C.E. |
|
|
3. |
100,000–200,000
inhabitants in 550 B.C.E. |
|
IV. |
Civilizations of
the
Andes |
|
A. |
Chavin: A
Pan-Andean Religious Movement |
|
|
1. |
Temple
complexes centered around a village |
|
|
2. |
Village became a major
religious center |
|
|
3. |
Links to all directions via
trade routes |
|
B. |
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast |
|
|
1. |
250 miles
of coast, 100–800 C.E. |
|
|
2. |
Elite class of
warrior-priests |
|
|
3. |
Rich fisheries and river-fed
irrigation |
|
|
4. |
Fine craft skills |
|
|
5. |
Fragile environment |
|
C. |
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the
Interior |
|
|
1. |
400–1000 C.E. |
|
|
2. |
Highland
centers with colonies in the lowlands |
|
|
3. |
Distinctions between the two,
yet little conflict |
|
|
4. |
Collapse, but the basis for
the late Inca |
|
V. |
Alternatives to Civilization: Bantu
Africa |
|
A. |
Cultural Encounters |
|
|
1. |
Migrations
spread a common Bantu culture |
|
|
2. |
Bantu
strengths: numbers, disease, and iron |
|
|
3. |
Bantu impact on
the Batwa |
|
|
4. |
Impacts on the
Bantu in
East Africa |
|
B. |
Society and Religion |
|
|
1. |
Wide varieties
of Bantu cultures developed, 500–1500 |
|
|
2. |
Less
patriarchal gender systems |
|
|
3. |
Ancestor or
nature spirits rather than a Creator God |
|
|
4. |
Localized not
universal faiths and rituals |
|
VI. |
Alternatives to
Civilization:
North America |
|
A. |
The Ancestral
Pueblo: Pit Houses and Great Houses |
|
|
1. |
Slow
start to agriculture and settled society |
|
|
2. |
Chaco Phenomenon, 860–1130 C.E. |
|
|
3. |
Astronomy
and art but then warfare and collapse |
|
B. |
Peoples of the
Eastern Woodlands: The Mound Builders |
|
|
1. |
Independent
agricultural revolution |
|
|
2. |
Burial
mounds of the
Hopewell culture |
|
|
3. |
Cahokia, 900–1250 C.E. |
|
|
4. |
Social
complexity but weaker cultural unity |