Chapter 17: Revolutions of
Industrialization, 1750–1914 |
|
I. |
Explaining the
Industrial Revolution |
|
A. |
Why
Europe? |
|
|
1. |
Technology, science, and economics elsewhere |
|
|
2. |
Competition within
Europe |
|
|
3. |
State-merchant alliances |
|
|
4. |
Competition with Asian imports |
|
|
5. |
The American windfall: silver, sugar, slaves, and more |
|
B. |
Why Britain
? |
|
|
1. |
Colonies, commercial society, and political security |
|
|
2. |
Practical, not theoretical, science |
|
|
3. |
Lucky geography |
|
II. |
The First
Industrial Society |
|
A. |
The British Aristocracy |
|
|
1. |
Landowners remained wealthy |
|
|
2. |
Overall decline in class power |
|
|
3. |
Turn to the empire |
|
B. |
The Middle
Classes |
|
|
1. |
An amorphous group |
|
|
2. |
Classical Liberalism |
|
|
3. |
Samuel Smiles, Self-Help |
|
|
4. |
Women: paragons of “respectability” |
|
|
5. |
The lower middle class |
|
C. |
The Laboring
Classes |
|
|
1. |
70 percent of
Britain |
|
|
2. |
Rapid urbanization |
|
|
3. |
New working conditions |
|
|
4. |
Women and girls in the factory? |
|
D. |
Social Protest |
|
|
1. |
Trade unions, 1824 |
|
|
2. |
Robert Owen (1771–1858) |
|
|
3. |
Karl Marx’s (1818–1883) “scientific socialism” |
|
|
4. |
Labor Party and 1910–1913 strikes |
|
|
5. |
British reform (and nationalism), not revolution |
|
|
6. |
Competition and decline |
|
E. |
Europeans in
Motion |
|
|
1. |
Migration to cities and other continents |
|
|
2. |
Settler colonies |
|
|
3. |
“White” Europeans in
Latin America |
|
|
4. |
Opportunities and diversity in the
United States |
|
|
5. |
Russians and Ukrainians to
Siberia |
|
III. |
Variations on a
Theme: Industrialization in the
United States
and
Russia |
|
A. |
The
United States:
Industrialization without Socialism |
|
|
1. |
Explosive growth |
|
|
2. |
Pro-business legislation |
|
|
3. |
Mass production for a mass market |
|
|
4. |
Ford, Carnegie, and Rockefeller as cultural heroes |
|
|
5. |
Difficult working and living conditions |
|
|
6. |
Strikes and class conflict but weak political
organization |
|
|
7. |
Conservative unions, racial politics, and high standards
of living |
|
|
8. |
Populists and Progressives but few Socialists |
|
B. |
Russia:
Industrialization and Revolution |
|
|
1. |
A complete opposite of the
United States of America |
|
|
2. |
State-sponsored change |
|
|
3. |
Rapid industrialization produces social conflicts |
|
|
4. |
Small but very radical proletariat |
|
|
5. |
Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party |
|
|
6. |
1905: Revolution, repression, and reluctant reforms |
|
|
7. |
Growth of revolutionary parties |
|
|
8. |
1917: Lenin and the Bolsheviks |
|
IV. |
The Industrial
Revolution and
Latin America in the Nineteenth
Century |
|
A. |
After
Independence in
Latin America |
|
|
1. |
Turbulent international and domestic politics |
|
|
2. |
Caudillos |
|
|
3. |
Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) |
|
B. |
Facing the World
Economy |
|
|
1. |
Steam ships and telegrams |
|
|
2. |
Exports to the industrializing world |
|
|
3. |
Imported industrial goods |
|
|
4. |
Foreign capital investment |
|
C. |
Becoming like
Europe? |
|
|
1. |
A Eurocentric elite |
|
|
2. |
Urbanization |
|
|
3. |
Solicitation of European immigrants |
|
|
4. |
Few saw economic benefits from exports |
|
|
5. |
Growth of unions and strikes provokes repression |
|
|
6. |
Rural poverty |
|
|
7. |
Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) |
|
|
8. |
“Dependent Development” and “Banana Republics” |
|
|
9. |
American intervention |