Chapter 20 Outlines

Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go
This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.

Chapter 20: Collapse at the Center: World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power, 1914–1970s
  I. The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
  A. An Accident Waiting to Happen
    1. European global power but rivalry and conflict at home
    2. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, June 28, 1914
    3. Alliances and nationalism
    4. Industrialized militarism
    5. European empires and trade make it a global war
  B. Legacies of the Great War
    1. Surprises and horrors of the war
    2. Widespread disillusionment in Europe
    3. Gender and the war: Mother’s Day versus flappers
    4. National Self-Determination in Europe
    5. Russian Revolution, 1917
    6. Treaty of Versailles, 1919
    7. Armenian Genocide, Ottoman collapse, and the rise of Turkey
    8. View from the colonies
    9. Japanese expansion in China
    10. Rise of the United States

  II. Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
  A. Capitalism’s mixed track record
  B. Sudden unraveling of the economic system, 1929
  C. A crisis of overproduction, international loans, and stock speculation
  D. Impact on global suppliers of raw materials and food
  E. Import substitution industrialization in Latin America
  F. Responses of the industrialized capitalist states
  G. Stalin’s USSR

  III. Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
  A. The Fascist Alternative in Europe
    1. Extreme nationalism
    2. Celebration of violence and a charismatic leader
    3. Reactionary revolutionaries
    4. Anticommunist, antidemocratic, and antifeminist
    5. Benito Mussolini and his Black Shirts
    6. Fasces
    7. Powerful centralized state
  B. Hitler and the Nazis
    1. Many similarities to Mussolini and the Black Shirts
    2. Weimar Republic and the “stab in the back” myth
    3. Economic disaster
    4. Racism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism
    5. Anti-Treaty of Versailles
    6. Chancellor, 1933, and immediate attacks on opponents
    7. Mein Kampf, Nuremburg Laws, and Kristallnacht
    8. Antifeminism and male sexuality
    9. Support for Hitler
  C. Japanese Authoritarianism
    1. Economic growth, social tension, and political repression in the 1920s
    2. Impact of the Great Depression
    3. Radical Nationalism or the Revolutionary Right
    4. Assassinations and a failed military coup
    5. No single party or charismatic leader
    6. Growth of rightist authoritarians within the government
    7. Government action on the economy
    8. Less repressive than Italy or Germany
  D. Japan and the World
    1. Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902
    2. War with China (1894–1895) and Russia (1904–1905)
    3. Empire building in Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria
    4. Admiration from the colonial world

  IV. A Second World War
  A. The Road to War in Asia
    1. Invasion of Manchuria, 1931, and of China, 1937
    2. Frustrations with the United States, Europe, and the USSR
    3. Invasion of colonial Southeast Asia for resources
    4. “Asia for Asians” versus reality of occupation
    5. Reluctant attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
  B. The Road to War in Europe
    1. A deliberate, planned, and desired war: lebensraum
    2. Rearmament and expansion, 1935–1939
    3. France conquered, Britain bombed, and the USSR invaded
    4. Blitzkrieg
    5. USSR and the United States turn the tide in 1942
  C. The Outcomes of Global Conflict
    1. 60,000,000 dead, 50 percent civilians
    2. 25,000,000 in USSR and 15,000,000 in China
    3. Massive mobilizations for total war
    4. Women as workers and as victims
    5. Holocaust and other Nazi mass murders
    6. Legacies of the Holocaust
    7. A weakened Europe
    8. Communist world expands
    9. United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund

  V. The Recovery of Europe
  A. A disastrous first half of the century but a much better second half
  B. Marshall Plan
  C. European Coal and Steel Community
  D. NATO and America’s “empire by invitation”