Chapter 22: The End of Empire: The
Global South on the Global Stage, 1914–Present |
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I. |
Toward Freedom:
Struggles for
Independence |
|
A. |
The End of Empire
in World History |
|
|
1. |
The new forces of nationalism, national
self-determination, and the nation-state |
|
|
2. |
Suddenly empires became illegitimate |
|
B. |
Explaining
African and Asian
Independence |
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|
1. |
Contradictions of the colonial empires |
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|
2. |
A new international climate after WWII |
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|
3. |
New elites challenge colonial rule |
|
II. |
Comparing
Freedom Struggles |
|
A. |
The Case of
India:
Ending British Rule |
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|
1. |
What is “Indian?” |
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|
2. |
Indian National Congress, 1885 |
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|
3. |
Impact of WWI |
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4. |
Mohandas Gandhi’s satyagraha |
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5. |
All-India Muslim League, 1906 |
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|
6. |
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and
Pakistan |
|
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7. |
Partition, 1947 |
|
B. |
The Case of
South Africa:
Ending Apartheid |
|
|
1. |
Independence
but white minority rule, 1910 |
|
|
2. |
British and Boers/Afrikaners |
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|
3. |
A mature industrial economy using low-paid black labor |
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|
4. |
Pass Laws and
Bantustans |
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|
5. |
African National Congress, 1912 |
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|
6. |
National Party’s Apartheid, 1948 |
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|
7. |
CCP triumphant in 1949 |
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|
8. |
A turn toward armed struggle in the 1960s |
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9. |
International pressure |
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|
10. |
1994 elections |
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|
11. |
Continued violence |
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|
12. |
Nelson Mandela |
|
III. |
Experiments
with Freedom |
|
A. |
Experiments in
Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy |
|
|
1. |
Democracy in
India
but not so much elsewhere |
|
|
2. |
Economic failure and ethnic conflict in
Africa |
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|
3. |
Army rule pushes aside weak civilian party politics |
|
|
4. |
Leftist politics and military coups in
Latin
America |
|
|
5. |
Allende, the CIA, and Pinochet
in
Chile |
|
|
6. |
Transitions to democracy from the 1980s on |
|
B. |
Experiments in
Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes |
|
|
1. |
Overcoming poverty |
|
|
2. |
Obstacles for the Global South |
|
|
3. |
Disagreements in the field of “development economics” |
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|
4. |
Role of the state |
|
|
5. |
Participation in the world market |
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|
6. |
Very uneven results in the Global South |
|
C. |
Experiments with
Culture: The Role of Islam in
Turkey
and
Iran |
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|
1. |
Cultures of tradition and cultures of modernity |
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|
2. |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Modern, secular, and nationalist |
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|
3. |
Politics of Islam, dress, and gender |
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|
4. |
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s secular modernization |
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|
5. |
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini’s
Islamic republic |
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|
6. |
Cultural revolution in favor
of tradition |