The Making of the West, Volume 2
Seventh Edition ©2022 Lynn Hunt; Thomas R. Martin; Barbara Rosenwein; Bonnie Smith Formats: Achieve, E-book, Print
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Authors
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Lynn Hunt
Lynn Hunt (PhD., Stanford University) is Distinguished Research Professor at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Writing History in the Global Era; The French and Revolution and Napoleon: Crucible of the Modern World and History: Why It Matters.
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Thomas R. Martin
Thomas R. Martin (PhD., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of several books including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and most recently Pericles: A Biography in Context. He was one of the originators of the Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu).
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Barbara H. Rosenwein
Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD., University of Chicago) is professor emerita of history at Loyola University Chicago and has been visiting professor at the Universities of Utrecht (Netherlands), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Oxford (Trinity College, England). She is the author or editor of many books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages; with co-author Elina Gertsman, The Middle Ages in 50 Objects; and most recently, Anger: The Conflicted History of an Emotion.
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Bonnie G. Smith
Bonnie G. Smith (PhD., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor most recently of Modern Empires: A Reader; Women in World History since 1450; and a new version of Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900, among other works.
Table of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.
NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.
Contents
Preface: Why This Book This Way
Versions and Supplements
Brief Contents
Maps, Figures, and Special Features
Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System
World Map
Chapter 14
Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560
The Discovery of New Worlds
Portuguese Explorations ■ The Voyages of Columbus ■ A New Era in Slavery ■ Conquering the New World ■ The Columbian Exchange
The Protestant Reformation
The Invention of Printing ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides ■ The Contested Church of England
Reshaping Society through Religion
Protestant Challenges to the Social Order ■ New Forms of Discipline ■ Catholic Renewal
Striving for Mastery
Courtiers and Princes ■ Dynastic Wars ■ Financing War ■ Divided Realms
Conclusion
Chapter 14 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493)
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?
Terms of History: Protestant Reformation
Environment Matters: Smallpox Kills Native Peoples
Chapter 15
Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648
Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618
French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe
The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648
Origins and Course of the War ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648
Economic Crisis and Realignment
From Growth to Recession ■ Consequences for Daily Life ■ The Economic Balance of Power
The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview
The Scientific Revolution ■ The Natural Laws of Politics ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis ■ Magic and Witchcraft
Conclusion
Chapter 15 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Sentence Pronounced against Galileo (1633)
Contrasting Views: Political Authority and Religion: What Happened When Subjects Held Different Beliefs?
Terms of History: Scientific Revolution
Environment Matters: Dutch Canals
Chapter 16
Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700
Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits
The Fronde, 1648–1653 ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad
Constitutionalism in England
England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660 ■ Restoration and Revolution Again
■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke
Outposts of Constitutionalism
The Dutch Republic ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture
Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences ■ Women and Manners ■ Reforming Popular Culture
Conclusion
Chapter 16 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Louis XIV, Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)
Contrasting Views: The English Civil War
Terms of History: Absolutism
Environment Matters: Great Fire of London, 1666
Chapter 17
The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750
The Atlantic System and the World Economy
Slavery and the Atlantic System ■ World Trade and Settlement ■ The Birth of Consumer Society
New Social and Cultural Patterns
Agricultural Revolution ■ Social Life in the Cities ■ New Tastes in the Arts ■ Religious Revivals
Consolidation of the European State System
A New Power Alignment ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population
The Birth of the Enlightenment
Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition ■ Raising the Woman Question
Conclusion
Chapter 17 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Montesquieu, Persian Letters: Letter 37 (1721)
Contrasting Views: Peter the Great of Russia
Terms of History: Progress
Environment Matters: The Building of St. Petersburg
Chapter 18
The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789
The Enlightenment at Its Height
Men and Women of the Republic of Letters ■ Conflicts with Church and State ■ The Individual and Society ■ Spreading the Enlightenment ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival
Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment
The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite ■ Life on the Margins
State Power in an Era of Reform
War and Diplomacy ■ State-Sponsored Reform ■ Limits of Reform
Rebellions against State Power
Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition ■ Revolution in North America
Conclusion
Chapter 18 Review
Primary Source Analysis: "Slavery" in the Encyclopedia (1755)
Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment
Terms of History: Enlightenment
Environment Matters: The Vogue for Classical Ruins
Chapter 19
The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799
The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789
Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789
From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793
The Revolution of Rights and Reason ■ The End of Monarchy
Terror and Resistance
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794 ■ Resisting the Revolution ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror
Revolution on the March
Arms and Conquests ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795 ■ Revolution in the Colonies ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change
Conclusion
Chapter 19 Review
Primary Source Analysis: The Rights of Minorities (1789)
Contrasting Views: Perspectives on the French Revolution
Terms of History: Revolution
Environment Matters: The Destruction of a Symbol of Oppression
Chapter 20
Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
A General Takes Over ■ From Republic to Empire ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life
"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests
The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807 ■ The Impact of French Victories ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815
The "Restoration" of Europe
The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815 ■ The Emergence of Conservatism ■ The Revival of Religion
Challenges to the Conservative Order
Romanticism ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832
Conclusion
Chapter 20 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Byron’s Poetry (1821)
Contrasting Views: Napoleon: For and Against
Terms of History: Romanticism
Environment Matters: Nature Tourism
Chapter 21
Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850
The Industrial Revolution
Roots of Industrialization ■ Engines of Change ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity
Reforming the Social Order
Cultural Responses to the Social Question ■ The Varieties of Social Reform ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas
Ideologies and Political Movements
The Spell of Nationalism ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement
The Revolutions of 1848
The Hungry Forties ■ Another French Revolution ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority
Conclusion
Chapter 21 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Contrasting Views: The Effects of Industrialization
Terms of History: Socialism
Environment Matters: Joseph M. W. Turner, The Fighting "Téméraire" Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken Up (1838)
Chapter 22
Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870
The End of the Concert of Europe
Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs ■ Reform in Russia
War and Nation Building
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain ■ Nation Building in North America
Nation Building through Social Order
Bringing Order to the Cities ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home
The Culture of Social Order
The Arts Confront Social Reality ■ Religion and National Order ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science
Conclusion
Chapter 22 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale
Contrasting Views: The Nation-State in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Terms of History: Nationalism
Environment Matters: Straightening the Rhine
Chapter 23
Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890
The New Imperialism
The Scramble for Africa — North and South ■ Imperializing Asia ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism
The Industry of Empire
Industrial Innovation ■ Facing Economic Crisis ■ Revolution in Business Practices
Imperial Society and Culture
The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class ■ Working People’s Strategies ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry
The Birth of Mass Politics
Workers, Politics, and Protest ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusion
Chapter 23 Review
Primary Source Analysis: An African King Describes His Government
Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration
Terms of History: Home Rule
Environment Matters: Bushiri
Chapter 24
Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914
Public Debate over Private Life
Population Pressure ■ Reforming Marriage ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity ■ Sciences of the Modern Self
Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas
The Opposition to Positivism ■ The Revolution in Science ■ Modern Art ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance
Growing Tensions in Mass Politics
The Expanding Power of Labor ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage ■ Liberalism Tested ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics
European Imperialism Challenged
The Trials of Empire ■ The Russian Empire Threatened ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination
Roads to War
Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions ■ The Race to Arms ■ 1914: War Erupts
Conclusion
Chapter 24 Review
Primary Source Analysis: "Going to Battle" (A Turkish Poem)
Contrasting Views: Debating the Revolt in Art, Ideas, and Lifestyles
Terms of History: Modern
Environment Matters: Samoed Family of Russia
Chapter 25
World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929
The Great War, 1914–1918
Blueprints for War ■ The Battlefronts ■ The Home Front
Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918
War Protest ■ Revolution in Russia ■ Ending the War, 1918
The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution
Europe in Turmoil ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920 ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace
A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s
Changes in the Political Landscape ■ Reconstructing the Economy ■ Restoring Society
Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators
Culture for the Masses ■ Cultural Debates over the Future ■ The Communist Utopia ■ Fascism on the March in Italy
Conclusion
Chapter 25 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Memory and Battlefield Tourism
Contrasting Views: The Middle East at the End of World War I: Freedom or Subjugation?
Terms of History: Fascism
Environment Matters: War and East African Forests
Chapter 26
The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945
The Great Depression
Economic Disaster Strikes ■ Social Effects of the Depression ■ The Great Depression beyond the West
Totalitarian Triumph
The Rise of Stalinism ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power ■ The Nazification of German Politics ■ Nazi Racism
Democracies on the Defensive
Confronting the Economic Crisis ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times
The Road to Global War
A Surge in Global Imperialism ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939
World War II, 1939–1945
The German Onslaught ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond ■ The War against Civilians ■ Societies at War ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement
Conclusion
Chapter 26 Review
Primary Source Analysis: A Family Copes with Unemployment
Contrasting Views: Nazism and Hitler: For and Against
Terms of History: Civil Disobedience
Environment Matters: Hiroshima, 1945
Chapter 27
The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s
World Politics Transformed
Chaos in Europe ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union ■ Origins of the Cold War ■ The Division of Germany
Political and Economic Recovery in Europe
Dealing with Nazism ■ Rebirth of the West ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West ■ Recovery in the East
Decolonization in a Cold War Climate
The End of Empire in Asia ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East ■ New Nations in Africa ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe
Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War
Restoring "Western" Values ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms ■ The Culture of Cold War ■ The Atomic Brink
Conclusion
Chapter 27 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Torture in Algeria
Contrasting Views: Decolonization in Africa
Terms of History: Welfare State
Environment Matters: The Mexican Green Revolution and Its Consequences
Chapter 28
Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989
The Revolution in Technology
The Information Age: Television and Computers ■ The Space Age ■ The Nuclear Age ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology
Postindustrial Society and Culture
Multinational Corporations ■ The New Worker ■ The Boom in Education and Research ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society
Protesting Cold War Conditions
Cracks in the Cold War Order ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism ■ 1968: Year of Crisis
The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War
A Changing Balance of World Power ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc
Conclusion
Chapter 28 Review
Primary Source Analysis: A Citizen’s Experience of Gorbachev’s Reforms
Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates
Terms of History: Neoliberalism
Environment Matters: Cherynobyl
Chapter 29
A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present
Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath
The Breakup of Yugoslavia ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart ■ Toward a Market Economy
The Nation-State in a Global Age
Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations ■ Global Organizations
An Interconnected World’s New Challenges
The Earth and Its People Threatened ■ North versus South? ■ Radical Islam Meets the West ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■ The Promise and Problems of a World Economy ■ International Politics and the New Russia
Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century
Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration ■ Global Networks and Social Change ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism
Conclusion
Chapter 29 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Svetlana Alexievich, Nobel Prize Lecture, December 7, 2015
Contrasting Views: The Dutch Debate Globalization, Muslim Immigrants, and Turkey’s Admission to the EU
Terms of History: Globalization
Environment Matters: The German Reichstag: Reborn and Green
Glossary of Key Terms G-1
Acknowledgments A-1
Index I-1
About the Authors
Product Updates
More robust options for building historical thinking skills and measuring progress toward learning outcomes.
- Achieve, Macmillan Learning’s innovative new learning platform, pairs creative new teaching and assessment options with powerful insights into student work, so instructors can do more. Achieve comes loaded with the full-color e-book, the companion source reader, and abundant formative and summative assessments which are all tagged to learning objectives that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Drawing on principles of instructional design and popular assignments, Achieve provides customizable pre-built course options and resource filters that help instructors set up their courses with ease, and these courses can be integrated with all major LMS systems. Assignments and activities in Achieve include:
- LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, which is designed to get students to read the text before class;
- reflection activities that invite students to reflect on what they have read in each chapter;
- instructor activity guides that instructors can use in class for either remote or in-person collaborative learning;
- source and feature quizzes;
- research and writing tutorials; and
- map quizzes
- Robust reports in Achieve give instructors multi-level insights into student progress toward meeting learning objectives as well as how they have progressed on assignments so instructors can give students support where they need it most. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
- We have expanded the coverage of environmental history, most visibly through our brand new visual Environment Matters feature in each chapter. Environment Matters gives students a closer look at an aspect of environmental history that has helped to shape our world, including Roman sanitation (Chapter 5), the plague in Europe (Chapter 13), the Great Fire of London (Chapter 16), and the effects of war on East African forests(Chapter 25). Each Environment Matters box includes a visual and context, followed by Questions to Consider.
- The Making of the West’s solid chronological framework has been brought to life with our new visual timelines at the start of each chapter, which enhance the development of chronological thinking skills.
Authors
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Lynn Hunt
Lynn Hunt (PhD., Stanford University) is Distinguished Research Professor at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Writing History in the Global Era; The French and Revolution and Napoleon: Crucible of the Modern World and History: Why It Matters.
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Thomas R. Martin
Thomas R. Martin (PhD., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of several books including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and most recently Pericles: A Biography in Context. He was one of the originators of the Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu).
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Barbara H. Rosenwein
Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD., University of Chicago) is professor emerita of history at Loyola University Chicago and has been visiting professor at the Universities of Utrecht (Netherlands), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Oxford (Trinity College, England). She is the author or editor of many books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages; with co-author Elina Gertsman, The Middle Ages in 50 Objects; and most recently, Anger: The Conflicted History of an Emotion.
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Bonnie G. Smith
Bonnie G. Smith (PhD., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor most recently of Modern Empires: A Reader; Women in World History since 1450; and a new version of Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900, among other works.
Table of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.
NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.
Contents
Preface: Why This Book This Way
Versions and Supplements
Brief Contents
Maps, Figures, and Special Features
Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System
World Map
Chapter 14
Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560
The Discovery of New Worlds
Portuguese Explorations ■ The Voyages of Columbus ■ A New Era in Slavery ■ Conquering the New World ■ The Columbian Exchange
The Protestant Reformation
The Invention of Printing ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides ■ The Contested Church of England
Reshaping Society through Religion
Protestant Challenges to the Social Order ■ New Forms of Discipline ■ Catholic Renewal
Striving for Mastery
Courtiers and Princes ■ Dynastic Wars ■ Financing War ■ Divided Realms
Conclusion
Chapter 14 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493)
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?
Terms of History: Protestant Reformation
Environment Matters: Smallpox Kills Native Peoples
Chapter 15
Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648
Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618
French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe
The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648
Origins and Course of the War ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648
Economic Crisis and Realignment
From Growth to Recession ■ Consequences for Daily Life ■ The Economic Balance of Power
The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview
The Scientific Revolution ■ The Natural Laws of Politics ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis ■ Magic and Witchcraft
Conclusion
Chapter 15 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Sentence Pronounced against Galileo (1633)
Contrasting Views: Political Authority and Religion: What Happened When Subjects Held Different Beliefs?
Terms of History: Scientific Revolution
Environment Matters: Dutch Canals
Chapter 16
Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700
Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits
The Fronde, 1648–1653 ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad
Constitutionalism in England
England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660 ■ Restoration and Revolution Again
■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke
Outposts of Constitutionalism
The Dutch Republic ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture
Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences ■ Women and Manners ■ Reforming Popular Culture
Conclusion
Chapter 16 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Louis XIV, Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)
Contrasting Views: The English Civil War
Terms of History: Absolutism
Environment Matters: Great Fire of London, 1666
Chapter 17
The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750
The Atlantic System and the World Economy
Slavery and the Atlantic System ■ World Trade and Settlement ■ The Birth of Consumer Society
New Social and Cultural Patterns
Agricultural Revolution ■ Social Life in the Cities ■ New Tastes in the Arts ■ Religious Revivals
Consolidation of the European State System
A New Power Alignment ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population
The Birth of the Enlightenment
Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition ■ Raising the Woman Question
Conclusion
Chapter 17 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Montesquieu, Persian Letters: Letter 37 (1721)
Contrasting Views: Peter the Great of Russia
Terms of History: Progress
Environment Matters: The Building of St. Petersburg
Chapter 18
The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789
The Enlightenment at Its Height
Men and Women of the Republic of Letters ■ Conflicts with Church and State ■ The Individual and Society ■ Spreading the Enlightenment ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival
Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment
The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite ■ Life on the Margins
State Power in an Era of Reform
War and Diplomacy ■ State-Sponsored Reform ■ Limits of Reform
Rebellions against State Power
Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition ■ Revolution in North America
Conclusion
Chapter 18 Review
Primary Source Analysis: "Slavery" in the Encyclopedia (1755)
Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment
Terms of History: Enlightenment
Environment Matters: The Vogue for Classical Ruins
Chapter 19
The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799
The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789
Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789
From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793
The Revolution of Rights and Reason ■ The End of Monarchy
Terror and Resistance
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794 ■ Resisting the Revolution ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror
Revolution on the March
Arms and Conquests ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795 ■ Revolution in the Colonies ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change
Conclusion
Chapter 19 Review
Primary Source Analysis: The Rights of Minorities (1789)
Contrasting Views: Perspectives on the French Revolution
Terms of History: Revolution
Environment Matters: The Destruction of a Symbol of Oppression
Chapter 20
Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
A General Takes Over ■ From Republic to Empire ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life
"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests
The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807 ■ The Impact of French Victories ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815
The "Restoration" of Europe
The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815 ■ The Emergence of Conservatism ■ The Revival of Religion
Challenges to the Conservative Order
Romanticism ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832
Conclusion
Chapter 20 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Byron’s Poetry (1821)
Contrasting Views: Napoleon: For and Against
Terms of History: Romanticism
Environment Matters: Nature Tourism
Chapter 21
Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850
The Industrial Revolution
Roots of Industrialization ■ Engines of Change ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity
Reforming the Social Order
Cultural Responses to the Social Question ■ The Varieties of Social Reform ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas
Ideologies and Political Movements
The Spell of Nationalism ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement
The Revolutions of 1848
The Hungry Forties ■ Another French Revolution ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority
Conclusion
Chapter 21 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Contrasting Views: The Effects of Industrialization
Terms of History: Socialism
Environment Matters: Joseph M. W. Turner, The Fighting "Téméraire" Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken Up (1838)
Chapter 22
Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870
The End of the Concert of Europe
Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs ■ Reform in Russia
War and Nation Building
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain ■ Nation Building in North America
Nation Building through Social Order
Bringing Order to the Cities ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home
The Culture of Social Order
The Arts Confront Social Reality ■ Religion and National Order ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science
Conclusion
Chapter 22 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale
Contrasting Views: The Nation-State in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Terms of History: Nationalism
Environment Matters: Straightening the Rhine
Chapter 23
Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890
The New Imperialism
The Scramble for Africa — North and South ■ Imperializing Asia ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism
The Industry of Empire
Industrial Innovation ■ Facing Economic Crisis ■ Revolution in Business Practices
Imperial Society and Culture
The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class ■ Working People’s Strategies ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry
The Birth of Mass Politics
Workers, Politics, and Protest ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusion
Chapter 23 Review
Primary Source Analysis: An African King Describes His Government
Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration
Terms of History: Home Rule
Environment Matters: Bushiri
Chapter 24
Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914
Public Debate over Private Life
Population Pressure ■ Reforming Marriage ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity ■ Sciences of the Modern Self
Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas
The Opposition to Positivism ■ The Revolution in Science ■ Modern Art ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance
Growing Tensions in Mass Politics
The Expanding Power of Labor ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage ■ Liberalism Tested ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics
European Imperialism Challenged
The Trials of Empire ■ The Russian Empire Threatened ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination
Roads to War
Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions ■ The Race to Arms ■ 1914: War Erupts
Conclusion
Chapter 24 Review
Primary Source Analysis: "Going to Battle" (A Turkish Poem)
Contrasting Views: Debating the Revolt in Art, Ideas, and Lifestyles
Terms of History: Modern
Environment Matters: Samoed Family of Russia
Chapter 25
World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929
The Great War, 1914–1918
Blueprints for War ■ The Battlefronts ■ The Home Front
Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918
War Protest ■ Revolution in Russia ■ Ending the War, 1918
The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution
Europe in Turmoil ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920 ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace
A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s
Changes in the Political Landscape ■ Reconstructing the Economy ■ Restoring Society
Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators
Culture for the Masses ■ Cultural Debates over the Future ■ The Communist Utopia ■ Fascism on the March in Italy
Conclusion
Chapter 25 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Memory and Battlefield Tourism
Contrasting Views: The Middle East at the End of World War I: Freedom or Subjugation?
Terms of History: Fascism
Environment Matters: War and East African Forests
Chapter 26
The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945
The Great Depression
Economic Disaster Strikes ■ Social Effects of the Depression ■ The Great Depression beyond the West
Totalitarian Triumph
The Rise of Stalinism ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power ■ The Nazification of German Politics ■ Nazi Racism
Democracies on the Defensive
Confronting the Economic Crisis ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times
The Road to Global War
A Surge in Global Imperialism ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939
World War II, 1939–1945
The German Onslaught ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond ■ The War against Civilians ■ Societies at War ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement
Conclusion
Chapter 26 Review
Primary Source Analysis: A Family Copes with Unemployment
Contrasting Views: Nazism and Hitler: For and Against
Terms of History: Civil Disobedience
Environment Matters: Hiroshima, 1945
Chapter 27
The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s
World Politics Transformed
Chaos in Europe ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union ■ Origins of the Cold War ■ The Division of Germany
Political and Economic Recovery in Europe
Dealing with Nazism ■ Rebirth of the West ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West ■ Recovery in the East
Decolonization in a Cold War Climate
The End of Empire in Asia ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East ■ New Nations in Africa ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe
Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War
Restoring "Western" Values ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms ■ The Culture of Cold War ■ The Atomic Brink
Conclusion
Chapter 27 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Torture in Algeria
Contrasting Views: Decolonization in Africa
Terms of History: Welfare State
Environment Matters: The Mexican Green Revolution and Its Consequences
Chapter 28
Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989
The Revolution in Technology
The Information Age: Television and Computers ■ The Space Age ■ The Nuclear Age ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology
Postindustrial Society and Culture
Multinational Corporations ■ The New Worker ■ The Boom in Education and Research ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society
Protesting Cold War Conditions
Cracks in the Cold War Order ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism ■ 1968: Year of Crisis
The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War
A Changing Balance of World Power ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc
Conclusion
Chapter 28 Review
Primary Source Analysis: A Citizen’s Experience of Gorbachev’s Reforms
Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates
Terms of History: Neoliberalism
Environment Matters: Cherynobyl
Chapter 29
A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present
Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath
The Breakup of Yugoslavia ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart ■ Toward a Market Economy
The Nation-State in a Global Age
Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations ■ Global Organizations
An Interconnected World’s New Challenges
The Earth and Its People Threatened ■ North versus South? ■ Radical Islam Meets the West ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■ The Promise and Problems of a World Economy ■ International Politics and the New Russia
Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century
Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration ■ Global Networks and Social Change ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism
Conclusion
Chapter 29 Review
Primary Source Analysis: Svetlana Alexievich, Nobel Prize Lecture, December 7, 2015
Contrasting Views: The Dutch Debate Globalization, Muslim Immigrants, and Turkey’s Admission to the EU
Terms of History: Globalization
Environment Matters: The German Reichstag: Reborn and Green
Glossary of Key Terms G-1
Acknowledgments A-1
Index I-1
About the Authors
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If you’re a verified instructor, you can request a free sample of our courseware, e-book, or print textbook to consider for use in your courses. Only registered and verified instructors can receive free print and digital samples, and they should not be sold to bookstores or book resellers. If you don't yet have an existing account with Macmillan Learning, it can take up to two business days to verify your status as an instructor. You can request a free sample from the right side of this product page by clicking on the "Request Instructor Sample" button or by contacting your rep. Learn more.
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Sometimes also referred to as a spiral-bound or binder-ready textbook, loose-leaf textbooks are available to purchase. This three-hole punched, unbound version of the book costs less than a hardcover or paperback book.
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Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
Most Achieve Essentials courses do not include our e-books and adaptive quizzing.
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Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
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The Making of the West, Volume 2
Understand the story of the West in the context of global connections
With all digital content now available in Macmillan’s breakthrough course platform, Achieve, The Making of the West tells the story of the cross-cultural, global exchanges that have shaped western history.
Achieve for The Making of the West comes loaded with the full-color ebook plus LearningCurve, an adaptive learning tool; the popular Sources of The Making of the West documents collection; additional primary sources; a wealth of assessment options; chapter summative quizzes; a robust reporting tool, and more to help students develop and grow their historical skills. The text provides primary sources in each chapter, a full-color map and art program, and comprehensive supplement options. The text is also available in a two-color Value Edition, which includes the unabridged narrative and select maps and images from the comprehensive text.
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