Cover: Exploring American Histories, Volume 2, 4th Edition by Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson
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Exploring American Histories, Volume 2

A Survey with SourcesFourth Edition ©2022 Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson

A diversity of people and perspectives with sources integrated in every chapter

Exploring American Histories offers a unique pedagogical framework that brings a variety of perspectives to life. By weaving sources into the story using a building blocks approach, culm...

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Cover: Exploring American Histories, Volume 2, 4th Edition by Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson

NOW WITH ACHIEVE—Engage every student with Macmillans affordable and easy-to-use digital option

A diversity of people and perspectives with sources integrated in every chapter

Exploring American Histories offers a unique pedagogical framework that brings a variety of perspectives to life. By weaving sources into the story using a building blocks approach, culminating in a multi-source project organized around a single topic at the end of each chapter, the book helps students understand how sources form the basis of historical narratives and how to think critically about them. 

Exploring American Histories is available in Achieve, Macmillan’s breakthrough complete course platform, and in print volumes. Achieve provides access to the narrative as well as a wealth of primary sources along with formative and summative assessments and robust insight reports at the ready, all in one accessible product. Achieve offers the easiest way to engage students, help them build historical thinking skills, and tailor teaching to student needs, whether the course is taught online or in person. Achieve can be adopted on its own or in a package with the print book.

Features

Building-Blocks Approach to Analyzing Primary and Secondary Sources Strengthens Historical Thinking Skills. Designed to build confidence in students’ ability to work with sources, each chapter contains seven to eight primary sources with unique pedagogy aimed at helping students make connections between the sources and the text’s major themes. In each chapter, students progress from working with a single source (Guided Primary Source Analysis), to comparing paired sources (Comparative Primary Source Analysis), to tackling a set of sources from varied perspectives (Primary Source Project). Students also have the chance to evaluate how historians use primary sources to construct their own interpretations (Comparative Secondary Source Analysis). The skill building is maximized in Achieve where each source feature includes an auto-graded quiz as part of the wrap-around pedagogy.

Rich diversity of perspectives in American history. More than 220 written and visual sources highlight a range of perspectives on social, political, economic, international, and cultural developments and allow students to formulate interpretations of their own. Sources include first-hand accounts by Native Americans, enslaved Africans, free blacks, racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, rural residents, working people, women, and young people. Working with both familiar and lesser known sources, students will experience American history from a rich assortment of vantage points.

Authors are experienced teachers and respected scholars you can trust to engage students. Distinguished scholars and experienced U.S. survey teachers Nancy Hewitt and Steven Lawson bring extensive teaching experience and a strong command of the scholarship to guide them in choosing important stories of American history and sources most likely to engage students.

Achieve, Macmillan Learning’s innovative new learning platform, pairs new teaching and assessment options with powerful insights into student work, so instructors can do more. Achieve comes loaded with the full-color e-book, the companion source reader, and formative and summative assessments which are tagged to learning objectives that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Drawing on principles of instructional design, Achieve provides customizable pre-built course options and resource filters that help instructors set up their courses with ease, and these courses can be integrated with all major LMS systems. Assignments and activities in Achieve include:

  • LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, designed to get students to read the text before class;
  • reflection activities that invite students to reflect on what they have read in each chapter;
  • instructor activity guides that instructors can use in class for either remote or in-person collaborative learning;
  • source and feature quizzes;
  • research and writing tutorials; and
  • map quizzes.

Robust reports in Achieve give instructors insights into student progress toward meeting learning objectives as well as how they have progressed on assignments so instructors can give students support where they need it most. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.

A range of options offers convenience and value. While Achieve offers the most powerful combination of resources and assessments at a low-cost price, it can also be packaged with one of the print versions for a small upcharge. In addition to the comprehensive version with sources, this edition is also available in a two-color Value edition (contains the unabridged narrative but no sources). The Value edition is also available in a steeply-discounted loose-leaf format. E-books for both book formats provide other low-cost options.

New to This Edition

New biographies in the chapter-opening Comparing American Histories reflect continued attention to racial and ethnic diversity. Among the new profiles are Powhatan, leader of the largest native confederacy in the mid-Atlantic region (chapter 2); Elizabeth (Mum Bett) Freeman whose freedom suit contributed to Massachusetts ending slavery during the American Revolution (chapter 6); José Antonio Menchaca a Tejano military leader who fought for Texas independence (chapter 11); Pauli Murray, the African American civil rights activist and feminist (chapter 27); and Alicia Garza, the African American community organizer and co-founder of Black Lives Matter (chapter 29).

Expanded coverage of diversity provides even greater representation of diverse peoples. For example, in chapter 3, coverage of Native Americans has been amplified and more names of specific tribes are included to highlight the variety and number of Native American nations. Chapter 6 has been reorganized in order to expand coverage of multi-ethnic, multiracial forces fighting on both sides in the Revolution. Chapter 21 includes new coverage of the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. And, chapter 26 includes coverage of Mexican American activist, Rejes Tijerna, and also the 1968 Bilingual Education Act. In addition to attention to regional, racial, and ethnic diversity, coverage of other historical developments has been updated such as systemic racism, pandemics, and the development of capitalist systems in various periods.

New Primary Source Projects provide students with fresh primary source materials to engage with, such as a project on Cherokee engagement with white society in Chapter 9 and a project on women’s suffrage and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in Chapter 19.

Adjustments to chapter organization specifically in Chapters 12 and 13 allow for extended discussions on American Indians, Mexican Americans, African Americans and women during the Civil War and of black refugees who used the chaos of war to claim their independence.

Updates to the narrative include material on the divisive 2020 presidential election, the COVID-19 pandemic; the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor and the nationwide protests they inspired; the collapse of the U.S. economy caused by the pandemic; and the January 6, 2021 insurrection at the Capitol; and the subsequent second impeachment of Trump.

"Exploring American Histories strikes the most effective balance between accessible narrative overview and in-depth primary and secondary source analysis that engages with diverse perspectives and nuanced interpretative framing of major patterns of historical cause and effect and change over time, all with built-in scaffolding to encourage and enhance student comprehension and engagement, but without becoming overbearing in frequency or overwhelming in scope."

—Trey Welborn, Georgia College & State University

"History education in both higher and secondary education is undergoing a considerable paradigm shift away from an exclusive and problematic focus on coverage toward the integration of historical content and historical thinking skills. Exploring American Histories is the strongest textbook available in terms of exposing students to this exciting, integrative approach to studying the past."

—Richard Hughes, Illinois State University

"Exploring American Histories offers primary source document projects with each of the chapters, thus enabling students to critically analyze materials from the period under consideration. This is the biggest strength of this book. I also find the narrative flows very well and students enjoy the bold key terms to help study for quizzes/exams. The prevalence of primary source documents in the text distinguishes it from others, as most other textbooks require you purchase an additional primary source reader. This is an appealing and useful distinction, especially when textbook costs can be prohibitive for many students."

—Melissa Franson, SUNY College at New Paltz

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Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for Exploring American Histories, 4e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
How to Use This Book

Chapter 14

Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1863–1877

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Jefferson Long and Andrew Johnson

Emancipation

African Americans Embrace Freedom

Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 14.1 Freedpeople Petition for Land, 1865

Freedom to Learn

Freedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black Churches

National Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reunification

Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction

Johnson and Congressional Resistance

Congressional Reconstruction

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Debating the Freedmen’s Bureau

Source 14.2 Colonel Eliphalet Whittlesey, Report on the Freedman’s Bureau, 1865

Source 14.3 Democratic Flier Opposing the Freedman’s Bureau Bill, 1866

The Struggle for Universal Suffrage

Remaking the South

Whites Reconstruct the South

Black Political Participation and Economic Opportunities

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Race and Reconstruction

Source 14.4 William A. Dunning, Radical Reconstruction (1907)

Source 14.5 John Hope Franklin, The South’s New Leaders (1961)

White Resistance to Congressional Reconstruction

The Unraveling of Reconstruction

The Republican Retreat

Congressional and Judicial Retreat

The Presidential Compromise of 1876

Conclusion: The Legacies of Reconstruction

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 14

Testing and Contesting Freedom

Source 14.6 Mississippi Black Code, 1865 | Source 14.7 Richard H. Cain, Federal Aid for Land Purchase, 1868 | Source 14.8 Willis B. Bocock and Black Laborers, Sharecropping Agreement, 1870 | Source 14.9 Ellen Parton, Testimony on Klan Violence, 1871 | Source 14.10 Thomas Nast, Colored Rule in a Reconstructed (?) State, 1874

 

Chapter 15

The West, 1865–1896

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Annie Oakley and Geronimo

Opening the West

The Great Plains

Federal Policy and Foreign Investment

Indians and Resistance to Expansion

Indian Civilizations

Federal Policy toward Indians before 1870

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 15.1 Buffalo Hunting, c. 1875

Reconstruction and Indians

Indian Defeat

Reforming Indian Policy

Indian Assimilation and Resistance

The Mining and Lumber Industries

The Business of Mining

Life in the Mining Towns

The Lumber Boom

The Cattle Industry and Commercial Farming

The Life of the Cowboy

The Rise of Commercial Ranching

Commercial Farming

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Cowboy Myths and Realities

Source 15.2 Poster Advertising Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 1893

Source 15.3 George C. Duffield, Diary of a Real Cowboy, 1866

Women Homesteaders

Farming on the Great Plains

Diversity in the Far West

Mormons

Californios and Mexican Americans

The Chinese

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Significance of the Frontier

Source 15.4 Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893

Source 15.5 Patricia Nelson Limerick, Deemphasizing the Concept of the Frontier, 1987

Conclusion: The Ambiguous Legacy of the West

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 15

American Indians and Whites in the West

Source 15.6 James Michael Cavanaugh, Support for Indian Extermination, 1868 | Source 15.7 Helen Hunt Jackson, Challenges to Indian Policy, 1881 | Source 15.8 Thomas Nast, "Patience until the Indian Is Civilized—So to Speak," 1878 | Source 15.9 Zitkala-Ša, Life at an Indian Boarding School, 1921 | Source 15.10 Chief Joseph, Views on Indian Affairs, 1879

 

Chapter 16

Industrial America, 1877–1900

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Andrew Carnegie and John Sherman

America Industrializes

The New Industrial Economy

Innovation and Inventions

Building a New South

Industrial Consolidation

The Growth of Corporations

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 16.1 Horace Taylor, What a Funny Little Government, 1900

Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and Their Critics

The Doctrines of Success

Challenges to Laissez-Faire

Society and Culture in the Gilded Age

Wealthy and Middle-Class Leisure-Time Pursuits

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Leisure-Class Women

Source 16.2 The Delineator, 1900

Source 16.3 Alice Austen and Trude Eccleston, 1891

Changing Gender Roles

Black America and Jim Crow

National Politics in the Era of Industrialization

The Weak Presidency

Congressional Inefficiency

The Business of Politics

An Energized and Entertained Electorate

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Robber Baron or Captain of Industry?

Source 16.4 Matthew Josephson, The Robber Barons, 1934

Source 16.5 Ron Chernow, John D. Rockefeller, Industrial Statesman, 1998

Conclusion: Industrial America

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 16

Debates about Laissez-Faire

Source 16.6 William Graham Sumner, A Defense of Laissez-Faire, 1883 | Source 16.7 Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000–1887, 1888 | Source 16.8 Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth, 1889 | Source 16.9 Henry Demarest Lloyd, Critique of Wealth, 1894

 

Chapter 17

Workers and Farmers in the Age of Organization, 1877–1900

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John McLuckie and Mary Elizabeth Lease

Working People Organize

The Industrialization of Labor

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 17.1 John Morrison, Testimony on the Impact of Mechanization, 1883

Organizing Unions

Clashes between Workers and Owners

Working-Class Leisure in Industrial America

Farmers Organize

Farmers Unite

Populists Rise Up

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Farmers and Workers Organize: Two Views

Source 17.2 Walter Huston, Here Lies Prosperity, 1895

Source 17.3 Populist Party Platform, 1892

The Depression of the 1890s

Depression Politics

Political Realignment in the Election of 1896

The Decline of the Populists

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Agrarian Myth and Populism

Source 17.4 Richard Hofstadter, The Agrarian Myth, 1955

Source 17.5 Charles Postel, The Populist Vision, 2007

Conclusion: A Passion for Organization

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 17

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Source 17.6 George Pullman, Testimony before the U.S. Strike Commission, 1894 | Source 17.7 Eugene V. Debs, On Radicalism, 1902 | Source 17.8 Jennie Curtis, Testimony before the U.S. Strike Commission, 1894 | Source 17.9 Report from the Commission to Investigate the Chicago Strike, 1895

 

Chapter 18

Cities, Immigrants, and the Nation, 1880–1914

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Beryl Lassin and Maria Vik Takacs

A New Wave of Immigrants

Immigrants Arrive from Many Lands

Creating Immigrant Communities

Hostility toward Recent Immigrants

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 18.1 Anzia Yerzierska, Immigrant Fathers and Daughters, 1925

The Assimilation Dilemma

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Chinese in America

Source 18.2 Saum Song Bo, "A Chinese View of the Statue of Liberty" 1885

Source 18.3 Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 1886

Becoming an Urban Nation

The New Industrial City

Expand Upward and Outward

How the Other Half Lived

Urban Politics at the Turn of the Century

Political Machines and City Bosses

Urban Reformers

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Immigration, Nativism, and Whiteness

Source 18.4 John Higham, Nativism and Race, 1955

Source 18.5 Katherine Benton-Cohen, Nativism, Mexicans, and Whiteness, 2009

Conclusion: A Nation of Cities

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 18

"Melting Pot" or "Vegetable Soup"?

Source 18.6 Israel Zangwill, The Melting-Pot, 1908 | Source 18.7 "The Mortar of Assimilation—And the One Element That Won’t Mix," 1889 | Source 18.8 "Be Just—Even to John Chinaman," 1893 | Source 18.9 Alfred P. Schultz, The Mongrelization of America, 1908 | Source 18.10 Randolph S. Bourne, Trans-national America, 1916

 

Chapter 19

Progressivism and the Search for Order, 1900–1917

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gifford Pinchot and Gene Stratton-Porter

The Roots of Progressivism

Progressive Origins

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 19.1 Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis, 1907

Muckrakers

Humanitarian and Social Justice Reform

Female Progressives and the Poor

Fighting for Women’s Suffrage

Progressivism and African Americans

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Addressing Racial Inequality

Source 19.2 Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Compromise, 1895

Source 19.3 Ida B. Wells, A Critique of Booker T. Washington, 1904

Progressivism and Indians

Morality and Social Control

Prohibition

Prostitution, Narcotics, and Juvenile Delinquency

Birth Control

Immigration Restriction

Good Government Progressivism

Municipal and State Reform

Conservation and Preservation of the Environment

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Progressivism in White and Black

Source 19.4 C. Van Woodward, Progressivism for Whites Only, 1951

Source 19.5 Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Southern Black Women and Progressivism, 1996

Presidential Progressivism

Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal

Taft Retreats from Progressivism

The Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom Agenda

Conclusion: The Progressive Legacy

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 19

Women’s Suffrage and Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

Source 19.6 Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," 1910 | Source 19.7 Adella Hunt Logan, "Colored Women as Voters," 1912 | Source 19.8 Belle Kearney, "The South and Women’s Suffrage," 1903 | Source 19.9 Rose Winslow, Prison Notes, 1917 | Source 19.10 America When Feminized, c. 1919-1920

 

Chapter 20

Empire, Wars, and Pandemic, 1898–1919

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alfred Thayer Mahan and José Martí

The Awakening of Imperialism

The Economics of Expansion

Cultural Justifications for Imperialism

Gender and Empire

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 20.1 Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man’s Burden," 1899

The War with Spain

Revolution in Cuba

The War of 1898

The Pacification of Cuba

The Philippine War

Extending U.S. Imperialism, 1899–1913

Theodore Roosevelt and "Big Stick" Diplomacy

Opening the Door in China

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Fighting in the Philippines

Source 20.2 President McKinley Defends His Decision

Source 20.3 William Carson, "A Bigger Job Than He Thought For," 1899

Wilson and American Foreign Policy, 1912–1917

Diplomacy and War

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The U.S. Chooses to Enter World War I

Source 20.4 Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and Neutrality, 1963

Source 20.5 John Whiteclay Chambers II, Woodrow Wilson’s Unneutral Neutrality, 2000

Making the World Safe for Democracy

Fighting the War at Home

Government by Commission

Winning Hearts and Minds

1918-19 Influenza Pandemic

Waging Peace

The Failure of Ratification

Conclusion: A U.S. Empire

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 20

The Challenges of the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic

Source 20.6 Philadelphia Inquirer Describes the Crisis, 1918 | Source 20.7 A Letter from a Native American, Volunteer Nurse, 1918 | Source 20.8 Advertisement to Stop Influenza, 1918 | Source 20.9 Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams on Fake Influenza Remedies, 1918 | Source 20.10 U.S. Public Health Service Information on Influenza, 1919

 

Chapter 21

The Twenties, 1919–1929

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

D. C. Stephenson and Ossian Sweet

Social Turmoil

The Red Scare, 1919–1920

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 21.1 A. Mitchell Palmer, The Case against the Reds, 1920

Racial Violence in the Postwar Era

Prosperity, Consumption, and Growth

Government Promotion of the Economy

Americans Become Consumers

Urbanization

Perilous Prosperity

Challenges to Social Conventions

Breaking with the Old Morality

The Harlem Renaissance

Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism

Culture Wars

Prohibition

Nativists versus Immigrants

Resurrection of the Ku Klux Klan

Fundamentalism versus Modernism

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Men and Women of the KKK

Source 21.2 Gerald W. Johnson, The Ku Kluxer, 1924

Source 21.3 Women of the Ku Klux Klan, 1927

Politics and the Fading of Prosperity

The Battle for the Soul of the Democratic Party

Lingering Progressivism

Financial Crash

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Impact of Prohibition

Source 21.4 Andrew Sinclair, The Excesses of Prohibition, 1962

Source 21.5 Lisa McGirr, The National State and Crime Control, 2016

Conclusion: The Transitional Twenties

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 21

The New Negro and the Harlem Renaissance

Source 21.6 A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, "The New Negro—What Is He?" 1919 | Source 21.7 Claude McKay, "If We Must Die," 1919 | Source 21.8 Langston Hughes, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," 1921 | Source 21.9 Aaron Douglas, Illustration, The New Negro, 1925 | Source 21.10 Bessie Smith, "Down-Hearted Blues," 1923

 

Chapter 22

Depression, Dissent, and the New Deal, 1929–1940

AMERICAN HISTORIES

Eleanor Roosevelt and Luisa Moreno

The Great Depression

Hoover Faces the Depression

Hoovervilles and Dust Storms

Challenges for Racial Minorities

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 22.1 Plea from the Scottsboro Prisoners, 1932

Families under Strain

Organized Protest

The New Deal

Roosevelt Restores Confidence

Steps toward Recovery

Direct Assistance and Relief

New Deal Critics

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Letters to Eleanor Roosevelt

Source 22.2 Mildred Isbell to Mrs. Roosevelt, January 1, 1936

Source 22.3 Minnie Harden to Mrs. Roosevelt, December 14, 1937

The New Deal Moves to the Left

Expanding Relief Measures

Establishing Social Security

Organized Labor Strikes Back

A Half Deal for Racial Minorities

Decline of the New Deal

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

New Deal or Raw Deal

Source 22.4 William E. Leuchtenburg, The Roosevelt Reconstruction, 1963

Source 22.5 Barton J. Bernstein, The Conservative Achievements of Liberal Reform, 1969

Conclusion: New Deal Liberalism

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 22

The Depression in Rural America

Source 22.6 Ann Marie Low, Dust Bowl Diary, 1934 | Source 22.7 John P. Davis, A Black Inventory of the New Deal, 1935 | Source 22.8 A Sharecropper’s Family in Washington County, Arkansas, 1935 | Source 22.9 Martin Torres, Protest Against Maltreatment of Mexican Laborers in California, 1934 | Source 22.10 Otis Nation, Testimony to the Great Plains Committee, 1937

 

Chapter 23

World War II, 1933–1945

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

J. Robert Oppenheimer and Fred Korematsu

The Road toward War

The Growing Crisis in Europe

The Challenge to Isolationism

The United States Enters the War

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 23.1 Monica Sone, Memories of Pearl Harbor

The Home-Front Economy

Managing the Wartime Economy

New Opportunities for Women

Everyday Life on the Home Front

Fighting for Equality at Home

The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

Struggles for Mexican Americans

American Indians

The Ordeal of Japanese Americans

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Japanese American Internment

Source 23.2 Charles Kikuchi, Internment Diary, 1942

Source 23.3 Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, 1944

Global War

War in Europe

War in the Pacific

Ending the War

Evidence of the Holocaust

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust

Source 23.4 David S. Wyman, FDR Abandoned the Jews, 1984

Source 23.5 Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman, FDR Did Not Abandon the Jews, 2013

Conclusion: The Impact of World War II

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 23

The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb

Source 23.6 Petition to the President of the United States, July 17, 1945 | Source 23.7 President Harry S. Truman, Press Release on the Atomic Bomb, August 6, 1945 | Source 23.8 Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 | Source 23.9 U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 1946 | Source 23.10 Father Johannes Siemes, Eyewitness Account of the Hiroshima Bombing, 1945

 

Chapter 24

The Opening of the Cold War, 1945–1961

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Kennan and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1947

Mutual Misunderstandings

The Truman Doctrine

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 24.1 Henry Wallace, The Way to Peace, 1946

The Marshall Plan and Economic Containment

The Cold War Hardens, 1948–1953

Military Containment

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Marshall Plan and the Soviet Union

Source 24.2 George C. Marshall, The Marshall Plan, 1947

Source 24.3 Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet Objections to the Marshall Plan, 1947

The Korean War

The Korean War and the Imperial Presidency

Combating Communism at Home, 1945–1954

Loyalty and the Second Red Scare

McCarthyism

The Cold War Expands, 1953 –1961

Nuclear Weapons and Containment

Decolonization

Interventions in the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa

Early Intervention in Vietnam, 1954–1960

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Causes of the Cold War

Source 24.4 William Appleman Williams, Expanding the Economic Open Door, 1959

Source 24.5 John Lewis Gaddis, Competing Ideologies, 1972

Conclusion: The Cold War and Anticommunism

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 24

McCarthyism and the Hollywood Ten

Source 24.6 Ronald Reagan, Testimony before HUAC, 1947 | Source 24.7 John Howard Lawson, Testimony before HUAC, 1947 | Source 24.8 The Waldorf Statement and the Introduction of the Blacklist, 1947 | Source 24.9 Herblock, "You Mean I’m Supposed to Stand on That," 1950 | Source 24.10 Lillian Hellman, Letter to HUAC, 1952

 

Chapter 25

Troubled Innocence, 1945–1961

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alan Freed and Grace Metalious

Peacetime Transition and the Boom Years

Peacetime Challenges, 1945–1948

Economic Conversion and Labor Discontent

Truman, the New Deal Coalition, and the Election of 1948

Economic Boom

Baby Boom

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 25.1 Adlai E. Stevenson, "A Purpose for Modern Woman,"1955

Changes in Living Patterns

The Culture of the 1950s

The Rise of Television

Wild Ones on the Big Screen

The Influence of Teenage Culture

The Lives of Women

Religious Revival

Beats and Other Nonconformists

The Growth of the Civil Rights Movement

The Rise of the Southern Civil Rights Movement

School Segregation and the Supreme Court

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

White Resistance to Desegregation

The Sit-Ins

Civil Rights Struggles in the North

Civil Rights Struggles in the West

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Civil Rights Movement and Its Opponents

Source 25.2 The Southern Manifesto, 1956

Source 25.3 Ella Baker, "Bigger Than a Hamburger," 1960

Domestic Politics in the Eisenhower Era

Modern Republicanism

The Election of 1960

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

When Did the Civil Rights Movement Begin?

Source 25.4 Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Long Civil Rights Movement, 2005

Source 25.5 Steven F. Lawson, The Short Civil Rights Movement, 2011

Conclusion: Postwar Politics and Culture

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 25

Teenagers in Postwar America

Source 25.6 Dick Clark, Your Happiest Years, 1959 | Source 25.7 Charlotte Jones, Letter on Elvis, 1957 | Source 25.8 The Desegregation of Central High School, 1957 | Source 25.9 Gloria Lopez-Stafford, A Mexican American Childhood in El Paso, Texas, 1949 | Source 25.10 "Why No Chinese American Delinquents?" 1955

 

Chapter 26

Liberalism and Its Challengers, 1960–1973

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Earl Warren and Bayard Rustin

The Politics of Liberalism

Kennedy’s New Frontier

Kennedy, the Cold War, and Cuba

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 26.1 Edmund Valtman, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

The Civil Rights Movement Intensifies, 1961–1968

Freedom Rides

Kennedy Supports Civil Rights

Freedom Summer and Voting Rights

Civil Rights and Black Power

Federal Efforts toward Social Reform, 1964–1968

The Great Society

The Warren Court

The Vietnam War, 1961–1969

Kennedy’s Intervention in South Vietnam

Johnson Escalates the War in Vietnam

Challenges to the Liberal Establishment

The New Left

The Counterculture

Liberation Movements

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Chicano and Native American Freedom Movements

Source 26.2 Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán, 1969

Source 26.3 The Alcatraz Proclamation, 1969

The Revival of Conservatism

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Race and Class in Second Wave Feminism

Source 26.4 Anne Valk, Feminist Interactions, 2008

Source 26.5   Linda Gordon, Race, Class, and Feminism, 2014

Conclusion: Liberalism and Its Discontents

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 26

Freedom Summer

Source 26.6 Prospectus for Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964

Source 26.7 Nancy Ellin, Letter Describing Freedom Summer, 1964 | Source 26.8 White Southerners Respond to Freedom Summer, 1964 | Source 26.9 Fannie Lou Hamer, Address to the Democratic National Convention Credentials Committee, 1964 | Source 26.10 Lyndon B. Johnson, Monitoring the MFDP Challenge, 1964

 

Chapter 27

The Swing toward Conservatism, 1968–1980

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Pauli Murray and Louise Day Hicks

Nixon: War and Diplomacy, 1969–1974

The Election of 1968

The Failure of Vietnamization

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 27.1 Richard Nixon, Speech Accepting the Republican Nomination for President, August 8, 1968

The Cold War Thaws

Crisis in the Middle East and at Home

Nixon and Politics, 1969–1974

Pragmatic Conservatism

The Nixon Landslide and Watergate Scandal, 1972–1974

The Presidency of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980

Jimmy Carter and the Limits of Affluence

The Perils of Détente

Challenges in the Middle East

The Persistence of Liberalism in the 1970s

Popular Culture

Women’s Movement

Environmentalism

Racial Struggles Continue

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Women of Color and Feminism

Source 27.2 Workshop Resolutions, First National Chicana Conference, 1971

Source 27.3 Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977

Mexican Americans Challenge Discrimination

The New Right Rises

Tax Revolt

Neo-Conservatism

Christian Conservatism

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Rise of the New Right

Source 27.4 Dan T. Carter, George Wallace, Race, and the New Right, 1996

Source 27.5 Daniel K. Williams, The Christian Right, 2010

Conclusion: The Swing toward Conservatism

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 27

The New Right and Its Critics

Source 27.6 Proposition 13, California, 1978 | Source 27.7 Phyllis Schlafly, "What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights’ for Women?" 1972 | Source 27.8 Gloria Steinem, Testimony on the Equal Rights Amendment, May 6, 1970 | Source 27.9 Paul Weyrich, Building the Moral Majority, 1979 | Source 27.10 A. Bartlett Giamatti, The Moral Majority Threatens Freedom, 1981

 

Chapter 28

The Triumph of Conservatism, the End of the Cold War, and the Rise of the New World Order, 1980–1992

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Shultz and Demetria Martinez

The Reagan Revolution

Reagan and Reaganomics

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 28.1 Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, January 20, 1981

The Implementation of Social Conservatism

Reagan and the End of the Cold War, 1981–1988

"The Evil Empire"

Human Rights and the Fight against Communism

Fighting International Terrorism

The Nuclear Freeze Movement

The Road to Nuclear De-escalation

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Nuclear Freeze Movement

Source 28.2 New Jersey Referendum on Nuclear Freeze, 1982

Source 28.3 United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Pastoral Letter on War and Peace, 1983

The Presidency of George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993

"Kinder and Gentler" Conservatism

The Breakup of the Soviet Union

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The End of the Cold War

Source 28.4 John Spanier, Gorbachev Needed to End the Cold War, 1992

Source 28.5   Beth Fischer, Reagan Ends the Cold War, 1997

Globalization and the New World Order

Managing Conflict after the Cold War

The 1992 Election

Conclusion: Conservative Ascendancy and the End of the Cold War

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 28

The Iran-Contra Affair

Source 28.6 The Boland Amendments, 1982 and 1984 | Source 28.7 CIA Freedom Fighter’s Manual, 1983 | Source 28.8 Ronald Reagan, Speech on the Iran-Contra Affair, 1987 | Source 28.9 Oliver North, Testimony to Congress, July 1987 | Source 28.10 George Mitchell, Response to Oliver North, 1987

 

Chapter 29

The Challenges of a Globalized World, 1993 to the present

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Bill Gates and Alicia Garza

Transforming American Society

The Computer Revolution

The Changing American Population

Political Polarization and Globalization in the Clinton Years

Politics during the Clinton Administration

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 29.1 Bo Yee, The New American Sweatshop, 1994

Global Challenges

The Presidency of George W. Bush

Bush and Compassionate Conservatism

The Iraq War

Bush’s Second Term

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The War in Iraq

Source 29.2 George W. Bush, Declaration of Victory in Iraq, May 1, 2003

Source 29.3 Farnaz Fassihi, Report from Baghdad, 2004

The Challenges Faced by President Barack Obama

The Great Recession

Obama and the Great Recession

The 2010 Revolt Against Obama

Obama’s Second Term

Latinos and Immigration

Asian Americans

African Americans and Institutional Racism

The Native American Struggle Continued

Obama and the World

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Election of Barack Obama

Source 29.4 Frederick C. Harris, Decline of Black Politics, 2012

Source 29.5 Randall Kennedy, The Importance of Symbolism, 2011

The Presidency of Donald Trump

The 2016 Election

The Trump Presidency

Pandemic, Protests, and Politics

Conclusion: Technology and Terror in a Global Society

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 29

The Uses of September 11

Source 29.6 Diana Hoffman, "The Power of Freedom," 2002 | Source 29.7 Khaled Abou El Fadl, Response to September 11, 2001 | Source 29.8 Anti-Muslim Discrimination, 2011 | Source 29.9 Edward Snowden, Interview, 2014 | Source 29.10 Alice M. Greenwald, Message from the Director of the 9/11 Memorial Museum

Headshot of Nancy A. Hewitt

Nancy A. Hewitt

Nancy A. Hewitt (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is Professor Emerita of History and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her publications include Radical Friend: Amy Kirby Post and Her Activist Worlds, for which she won the SHEAR prize in biography; Women’s Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872; Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s, and the second edition of A Companion to American Women’s History, edited with Anne M. Valk.

Headshot of Steven F. Lawson

Steven F. Lawson

Steven F. Lawson (Ph.D., Columbia University) is Professor Emeritus of History at Rutgers University. His research interests include U.S. politics since 1945 and the history of the civil rights movement, with a particular focus on black politics and the interplay between civil rights and political culture in the mid-twentieth century. He is the author of many works including Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941; Debating the Civil Rights Movement; Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944–1969; and In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965–1982.

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Cover: Achieve for Exploring American Histories (1-Term Access), 4th Edition by Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson

Achieve for Exploring American Histories (1-Term Access)

Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson | Fourth Edition | 2022 | ISBN:9781319381752

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Cover: Thinking Through Sources for Exploring American Histories Volume 2, 3rd Edition by Nancy A. Hewitt; Steven F. Lawson

Thinking Through Sources for Exploring American Histories Volume 2

Nancy A. Hewitt; Steven F. Lawson | Third Edition | 2019 | ISBN:9781319132309

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