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Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

Contents

Preface: Why This Book This Way

Versions and Supplements

Brief Contents

Maps, Figures, and Special Features

Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System

World Map

Chapter 1

Early Western Civilization, 400,000–1000 b.c.e.

From the Stone Age to Near Eastern Civilization, 400,000–1000 b.c.e. b.c.e.

Life and Change in the Stone Age ■ The Emergence of Cities in the Near East, 4 –2350 b.c.e. ■ Metals and Empire Making: The Akkadians and the Ur III Dynasty, c. 2350–c. 2 b.c.e. ■ The Achievements of the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and the Canaanites, 2 –1 b.c.e.

Egypt, the First Unified Nation, 3050–1000 b.c.e.

From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 b.c.e. ■ The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 b.c.e.

The Hittites, the Minoans, and the Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 b.c.e.

The Hittites, 1750–1200 b.c.e. ■ The Minoans, 2200–1400 b.c.e. ■ The Mycenaeans, 1800–1 b.c.e. ■ The Violent End to Early Western Civilization, 1200–1 b.c.e.

Conclusion

Chapter 1 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Hammurabi’s Laws for Physicians

Contrasting Views: The Gains and the Losses of Life in Civilization versus Life in Nature

Terms of History: Civilization

Environment Matters: The Nile River

Chapter 2

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000–500 b.c.e.

From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, 1000–500 b.c.e.

The New Empire of Assyria, 900–600 b.c.e. ■ The Neo-Babylonian Empire, 600–539 b.c.e. ■ The Persian Empire, 557–500 b.c.e. ■ The Israelites, Origins to 539 b.c.e.

The Reemergence of Greek Civilization, 1000–750 b.c.e.

The Greek Dark Age ■ The Values of the Olympic Games ■ Homer, Hesiod, and Divine Justice in Greek Myth

The Creation of the Greek City-State, 750–500 b.c.e.

The Physical Environment of the Greek City-State ■ Trade and "Colonization," 800–580 b.c.e. ■ Citizenship and Freedom in the Greek City-State

New Directions for the Greek City-State, 750–500 b.c.e.

Oligarchy in the City-State of Sparta, 700–500 b.c.e. ■ Tyranny in the City-State of Corinth, 657–585 b.c.e. ■ Democracy in the City-State of Athens, 700–500 b.c.e. ■ New Ways of Thought and Expression in Greece, 630–500 b.c.e.

Conclusion

Chapter 2 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Zaleucus’s Law Code for a Greek City-State in Seventh-Century b.c.e. Italy

Contrasting Views: Persians Debate the Best Form of Government

Terms of History: The State

Environment Matters: Calydonian Boar Hunt

Chapter 3

The Greek Golden Age, c. 500–c. 400 b.c.e.

Wars between Persia and Greece, 499–479 b.c.e.

From the Ionian Revolt to the Battle of Marathon, 499–490 b.c.e. ■ The Great Persian Invasion, 480–479 b.c.e.

Athenian Confidence in the Golden Age, 478–431 b.c.e.

The Establishment of the Athenian Empire ■ Radical Democracy and Pericles’ Leadership, 461–431 b.c.e. ■ The Urban Landscape in Athens

Tradition and Innovation in Athens’s Golden Age

Religious Tradition in a Period of Change ■ Women, Slaves, and Metics ■ Innovative Ideas in Education and Philosophy ■ Transformations in Sculpture, History, and Medicine ■ The Development of Public Drama: Tragedy and Comedy

The End of Athens’s Golden Age, 431–403 b.c.e.

The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 b.c.e. ■ Athens Defeated: Tyranny and Civil War, 404–403 b.c.e.

Conclusion

Chapter 3 Review

Primary Source Analysis: How to Argue Both Sides of a Case

Contrasting Views: The Nature of Women and Marriage

Terms of History: Democracy

Environment Matters: Triremes and Deforestation

Chapter 4

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400–30 b.c.e.

Classical Greece after the Peloponnesian War, 400–350 b.c.e.

Athens’s Recovery after the Peloponnesian War ■ The Execution of Socrates, 399 b.c.e. ■ The Philosophy of Plato ■ Aristotle, Scientist and Philosopher ■ Greek Political Disunity

The Rise of Macedonia, 359–323 b.c.e.

Macedonian Power and Philip II, 359–336 b.c.e. ■ The Rule of Alexander the Great, 336–323 b.c.e.

The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323–30 b.c.e.

Creating New Kingdoms ■ The Layers of Hellenistic Society ■ The End of the Hellenistic Kingdoms

Hellenistic Culture

The Arts and Sciences under Royal Support ■ Philosophy for a New Age ■ Scientific Innovation ■ Cultural and Religious Transformations

Conclusion

Chapter 4 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Epigrams on Love and Sex by Women Poets

Contrasting Views: Roman Attitudes toward Cleopatra VII, the Last Hellenistic Queen

Terms of History: Hellenistic

Environment Matters: A Theater in a Hill

Chapter 5

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753–44 b.c.e.

Roman Social and Religious Traditions

Roman Moral Values ■ The Patron-Client System ■ The Roman Family ■ Education for Public Life ■ Public and Private Religion

From Monarchy to Republic

Roman Society under the Kings, 753–509 b.c.e. ■ The Early Roman Republic, 509–287 b.c.e.

Roman Imperialism and Its Consequences

Expansion in Italy, 500–220 b.c.e. ■ Wars with Carthage and in the East, 264–121 b.c.e. ■ Greek Influence on Roman Literature and the Arts ■ Stresses on Society from Imperialism

Civil War and the Destruction of the Republic

The Gracchus Brothers and Violence in Politics, 133–121 b.c.e. ■ Marius and the Origin of Client Armies, 107–100 b.c.e. ■ Sulla and Civil War, 91–78 b.c.e. ■ Julius Caesar and the Collapse of the Republic, 83–44 b.c.e.

Conclusion

Chapter 5 Review

Primary Source Analysis: The Rape and Suicide of Lucretia

Contrasting Views: What Was Julius Caesar Like?

Terms of History: Republic

Environment Matters: Roman Sewers

Chapter 6

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 b.c.e.–284 c.e.

From Republic to Empire, 44 b.c.e.–14 c.e.

Civil War, 44–27 b.c.e. ■ The Creation of the Principate, 27 b.c.e.–14 c.e. ■ Daily Life in the Rome of Augustus ■ Changes in Education, Literature, and Art in Augustus’s Rome

Politics and Society in the Early Roman Empire

The Perpetuation of the Principate after Augustus, 14–180 c.e. ■ Life in the Roman Golden Age, 96–180 c.e.

The Emergence of Christianity in the Early Roman Empire

Jesus and His Teachings ■ Growth of a New Religion ■ Competing Religious Beliefs

From Stability to Crisis in the Third Century c.e.

Threats to the Northern and Eastern Frontiers of the Early Roman Empire ■ Uncontrolled Spending, Natural Disasters, and Political Crisis, 193–284 c.e.

Conclusion

Chapter 6 Review

Primary Source Analysis: A Roman Stoic Philosopher on the Capabilities of Women

Contrasting Views: Christians in the Empire: Conspirators or Faithful Subjects?

Terms of History: Empire

Environment Matters: Army Hospital at Novae

Chapter 7

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284–600 c.e.

From Principate to Dominate in the Late Roman Empire, 284–395

The Political Transformation and Division of the Roman Empire ■ The Social Consequences of Financial Pressures ■ From the Great Persecution to Religious Freedom

The Official Christianization of the Empire, 312–c. 540

Polytheism and Christianity in Competition ■ The Struggle for Clarification in Christian Belief ■ The Emergence of Christian Monks

Non-Roman Kingdoms in the Western Roman Empire, c. 370–550s

Non-Roman Migrations into the Western Roman Empire ■ Social and Cultural Transformation in the Western Roman Empire

The Roman Empire in the East, c. 500–565

Imperial Society in the Eastern Roman Empire ■ The Reign of Emperor Justinian, 527–565 ■ The Preservation of Classical Traditions in the Late Roman Empire

Conclusion

Chapter 7 Review

Primary Source Analysis: The Edict of Milan on Religious Freedom

Contrasting Views: Debate: Did Romans or Huns Better Protect Life, Law, and Freedom?

Terms of History: Barbarian

Environment Matters: The Justinianic Plague

Chapter 8

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600–750

Islam: A New Religion and a New Empire

Nomads and City Dwellers ■ The Prophet Muhammad and the Faith of Islam ■ Growth of Islam, c. 610–632 ■ The Caliphs, Muhammad’s Successors, 632–750 ■ Peace and Prosperity in Islamic Lands

Byzantium Besieged

Wars on the Frontiers, c. 570–750 ■ From an Urban to a Rural Way of Life ■ New Military and Cultural Forms ■ Religion, Politics, and Iconoclasm

Western Europe: A Medley of Kingdoms

Frankish Kingdoms with Roman Roots ■ Economic Activity in a Peasant Society ■ The Powerful in Merovingian Society ■ Christianity and Classical Culture in the British Isles ■ Unity in Spain, Division in Italy ■ Political Tensions and the Power of the Pope

Conclusion

Chapter 8 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Praising a Merovingian Queen

Contrasting Views: Icons: Idols or Aids to Worship?

Terms of History: Medieval

Environment Matters: Scratch Plow

Chapter 9

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750–1050

The Byzantine Emperor and Local Elites

Imperial Power ■ The Macedonian Renaissance, c. 870–c. 1025 ■ The Dynatoi: A New Landowning Elite ■ The Formation of Eastern Europe and Kievan Rus

The Rise and Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate, 750–936 ■ Regional Diversity in Islamic Lands ■ Unity of Commerce and Language ■ The Islamic Renaissance, c. 790–c. 1050

The Carolingian Empire

The Rise of the Carolingians ■ Charlemagne and His Kingdom, 768–814 ■ The Carolingian Renaissance, c. 790–c. 900 ■ Charlemagne’s Successors, 814–911 ■ Land and Power ■ Viking, Muslim, and Magyar Invasions, c. 790–955

After the Carolingians: The Emergence of Local Rule

Public Power and Private Relationships ■ Warriors and Warfare ■ Efforts to Contain Violence ■ Political Communities in Italy, England, and France ■ Emperors and Kings in Central and Eastern Europe

Conclusion

Chapter 9 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Ibn ‘Abd Rabbihi Celebrates a Military Campaign in Verse

Contrasting Views: Charlemagne: Roman Emperor, Father of Europe, or the Chief Bishop?

Terms of History: Feudalism

Environment Matters: Digging Ditches

Chapter 10

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050–1150

The Commercial Revolution

Fairs, Towns, and Cities ■ Organizing Crafts and Commerce ■ Communes: Self-Government for the Towns ■ The Commercial Revolution in the Countryside

Church Reform

Beginnings of Reform ■ The Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Conflict, 1075–1122 ■ The Sweep of Reform ■ New Monastic Orders of Poverty

The Crusades

Calling the Crusade ■ The First Crusade ■ The Crusader States ■ The Disastrous Second Crusade ■ The Long-Term Impact of the Crusades

The Revival of Monarchies

Reconstructing the Empire at Byzantium ■ England under Norman Rule ■ Praising the King of France ■ Surviving as Emperor

Conclusion

Chapter 10 Review

Primary Source Analysis: The First Crusade from the Muslim Point of View

Contrasting Views: Henry IV

Terms of History: The Commercial Revolution

Environment Matters: Medieval Tanneries

Chapter 11

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150–1215

New Schools and Churches

The New Learning and the Rise of the University ■ Architectural Style: From Romanesque to Gothic

Governments as Institutions

England: Unity through Common Law ■ France: Consolidation and Conquest ■ Germany: The Revived Monarchy of Frederick Barbarossa ■ Eastern Europe and Byzantium: Fragmenting Realms

The Growth of a Vernacular High Culture

The Troubadours: Poets of Love and Play ■ The Birth of Epic and Romance Literature

Religious Fervor and Crusade

New Religious Orders in the Cities ■ Disastrous Crusades to the Holy Land ■ Victorious Crusades in Europe and on Its Frontiers

Conclusion

Chapter 11 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Two Letters from Two Lovers

Contrasting Views: Magna Carta

Terms of History: Gothic

Environment Matters: Medieval Roads

Chapter 12

The Medieval Synthesis — and Its Cracks, 1215–1340

The Church’s Mission

Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council ■ Inquisition ■ Lay Piety ■ Jews as Outcasts

Reconciling This World and the Next

The Achievements and Failures of Scholasticism ■ New Syntheses in Writing and Music ■ Gothic Art

The Politics of Control

The Weakening of the Empire ■ Louis IX and a New Ideal of Kingship ■ The Birth of Representative Institutions ■ The Weakening of the Papacy ■ The Rise of the Signori ■ The Mongol Takeover ■ The Great Famine

Conclusion

Chapter 12 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Thomas Aquinas Writes about Sex

Contrasting Views: The Mongols: Instruments of God or Cruel Invaders?

Terms of History: Inquisition

Environment Matters: The Great Famine as Hell

Chapter 13

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340–1492

Crisis: Disease, War, and Schism

The Plague Comes to Europe ■ The Hundred Years’ War, 1337–1453 ■ The Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, 1453 ■ The Great Schism, 1378–1417

The Renaissance: New Forms of Thought and Expression

Renaissance Humanism ■ The Arts

Consolidating Power

New Political Formations in Eastern Europe ■ Powerful States in Western Europe ■ Republics ■ The Tools of Power

Conclusion

Chapter 13 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Wat Tyler’s Rebellion (1381)

Contrasting Views: Joan of Arc: Who Was "the Maid"?

Terms of History: Renaissance

Environment Matters: Yersinia Pestis

Chapter 14

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560

The Discovery of New Worlds

Portuguese Explorations ■ The Voyages of Columbus ■ A New Era in Slavery ■ Conquering the New World ■ The Columbian Exchange

The Protestant Reformation

The Invention of Printing ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides ■ The Contested Church of England

Reshaping Society through Religion

Protestant Challenges to the Social Order ■ New Forms of Discipline ■ Catholic Renewal

Striving for Mastery

Courtiers and Princes ■ Dynastic Wars ■ Financing War ■ Divided Realms

Conclusion

Chapter 14 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493)

Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?

Terms of History: Protestant Reformation

Environment Matters: Smallpox Kills Native Peoples

Chapter 15

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648

Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618

French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe

The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648

Origins and Course of the War ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648

Economic Crisis and Realignment

From Growth to Recession ■ Consequences for Daily Life ■ The Economic Balance of Power

The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview

The Scientific Revolution ■ The Natural Laws of Politics ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis ■ Magic and Witchcraft

Conclusion

Chapter 15 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Sentence Pronounced against Galileo (1633)

Contrasting Views: Political Authority and Religion: What Happened When Subjects Held Different Beliefs?

Terms of History: Scientific Revolution

Environment Matters: Dutch Canals

Chapter 16

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700

Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits

The Fronde, 1648–1653 ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad

Constitutionalism in England

England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660 ■ Restoration and Revolution Again

■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke

Outposts of Constitutionalism

The Dutch Republic ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism

The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture

Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences ■ Women and Manners ■ Reforming Popular Culture

Conclusion

Chapter 16 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Louis XIV, Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)

Contrasting Views: The English Civil War

Terms of History: Absolutism

Environment Matters: Great Fire of London, 1666

Chapter 17

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750

The Atlantic System and the World Economy

Slavery and the Atlantic System ■ World Trade and Settlement ■ The Birth of Consumer Society

New Social and Cultural Patterns

Agricultural Revolution ■ Social Life in the Cities ■ New Tastes in the Arts ■ Religious Revivals

Consolidation of the European State System

A New Power Alignment ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population

The Birth of the Enlightenment

Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition ■ Raising the Woman Question

Conclusion

Chapter 17 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Montesquieu, Persian Letters: Letter 37 (1721)

Contrasting Views: Peter the Great of Russia

Terms of History: Progress

Environment Matters: The Building of St. Petersburg

Chapter 18

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789

The Enlightenment at Its Height

Men and Women of the Republic of Letters ■ Conflicts with Church and State ■ The Individual and Society ■ Spreading the Enlightenment ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival

Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment

The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite ■ Life on the Margins

State Power in an Era of Reform

War and Diplomacy ■ State-Sponsored Reform ■ Limits of Reform

Rebellions against State Power

Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition ■ Revolution in North America

Conclusion

Chapter 18 Review

Primary Source Analysis: "Slavery" in the Encyclopedia (1755)

Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment

Terms of History: Enlightenment

Environment Matters: The Vogue for Classical Ruins

Chapter 19

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799

The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789

Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789

From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793

The Revolution of Rights and Reason ■ The End of Monarchy

Terror and Resistance

Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794 ■ Resisting the Revolution ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror

Revolution on the March

Arms and Conquests ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795 ■ Revolution in the Colonies ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change

Conclusion

Chapter 19 Review

Primary Source Analysis: The Rights of Minorities (1789)

Contrasting Views: Perspectives on the French Revolution

Terms of History: Revolution

Environment Matters: The Destruction of a Symbol of Oppression

Chapter 20

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

A General Takes Over ■ From Republic to Empire ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life

"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests

The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807 ■ The Impact of French Victories ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815

The "Restoration" of Europe

The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815 ■ The Emergence of Conservatism ■ The Revival of Religion

Challenges to the Conservative Order

Romanticism ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832

Conclusion

Chapter 20 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Byron’s Poetry (1821)

Contrasting Views: Napoleon: For and Against

Terms of History: Romanticism

Environment Matters: Nature Tourism

Chapter 21

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850

The Industrial Revolution

Roots of Industrialization ■ Engines of Change ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity

Reforming the Social Order

Cultural Responses to the Social Question ■ The Varieties of Social Reform ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas

Ideologies and Political Movements

The Spell of Nationalism ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement

The Revolutions of 1848

The Hungry Forties ■ Another French Revolution ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority

Conclusion

Chapter 21 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

Contrasting Views: The Effects of Industrialization

Terms of History: Socialism

Environment Matters: Joseph M. W. Turner, The Fighting "Téméraire" Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken Up (1838)

Chapter 22

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870

The End of the Concert of Europe

Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs ■ Reform in Russia

War and Nation Building

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain ■ Nation Building in North America

Nation Building through Social Order

Bringing Order to the Cities ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home

The Culture of Social Order

The Arts Confront Social Reality ■ Religion and National Order ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science

Conclusion

Chapter 22 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale

Contrasting Views: The Nation-State in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

Terms of History: Nationalism

Environment Matters: Straightening the Rhine

Chapter 23

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890

The New Imperialism

The Scramble for Africa — North and South ■ Imperializing Asia ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism

The Industry of Empire

Industrial Innovation ■ Facing Economic Crisis ■ Revolution in Business Practices

Imperial Society and Culture

The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class ■ Working People’s Strategies ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry

The Birth of Mass Politics

Workers, Politics, and Protest ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe

Conclusion

Chapter 23 Review

Primary Source Analysis: An African King Describes His Government

Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration

Terms of History: Home Rule

Environment Matters: Bushiri

Chapter 24

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914

Public Debate over Private Life

Population Pressure ■ Reforming Marriage ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity ■ Sciences of the Modern Self

Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas

The Opposition to Positivism ■ The Revolution in Science ■ Modern Art ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance

Growing Tensions in Mass Politics

The Expanding Power of Labor ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage ■ Liberalism Tested ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics

European Imperialism Challenged

The Trials of Empire ■ The Russian Empire Threatened ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination

Roads to War

Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions ■ The Race to Arms ■ 1914: War Erupts

Conclusion

Chapter 24 Review

Primary Source Analysis: "Going to Battle" (A Turkish Poem)

Contrasting Views: Debating the Revolt in Art, Ideas, and Lifestyles

Terms of History: Modern

Environment Matters: Samoed Family of Russia

Chapter 25

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929

The Great War, 1914–1918

Blueprints for War ■ The Battlefronts ■ The Home Front

Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918

War Protest ■ Revolution in Russia ■ Ending the War, 1918

The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution

Europe in Turmoil ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920 ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace

A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s

Changes in the Political Landscape ■ Reconstructing the Economy ■ Restoring Society

Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators

Culture for the Masses ■ Cultural Debates over the Future ■ The Communist Utopia ■ Fascism on the March in Italy

Conclusion

Chapter 25 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Memory and Battlefield Tourism

Contrasting Views: The Middle East at the End of World War I: Freedom or Subjugation?

Terms of History: Fascism

Environment Matters: War and East African Forests

Chapter 26

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945

The Great Depression

Economic Disaster Strikes ■ Social Effects of the Depression ■ The Great Depression beyond the West

Totalitarian Triumph

The Rise of Stalinism ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power ■ The Nazification of German Politics ■ Nazi Racism

Democracies on the Defensive

Confronting the Economic Crisis ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times

The Road to Global War

A Surge in Global Imperialism ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939

World War II, 1939–1945

The German Onslaught ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond ■ The War against Civilians ■ Societies at War ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement

Conclusion

Chapter 26 Review

Primary Source Analysis: A Family Copes with Unemployment

Contrasting Views: Nazism and Hitler: For and Against

Terms of History: Civil Disobedience

Environment Matters: Hiroshima, 1945

Chapter 27

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s

World Politics Transformed

Chaos in Europe ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union ■ Origins of the Cold War ■ The Division of Germany

Political and Economic Recovery in Europe

Dealing with Nazism ■ Rebirth of the West ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West ■ Recovery in the East

Decolonization in a Cold War Climate

The End of Empire in Asia ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East ■ New Nations in Africa ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe

Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War

Restoring "Western" Values ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms ■ The Culture of Cold War ■ The Atomic Brink

Conclusion

Chapter 27 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Torture in Algeria

Contrasting Views: Decolonization in Africa

Terms of History: Welfare State

Environment Matters: The Mexican Green Revolution and Its Consequences

Chapter 28

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989

The Revolution in Technology

The Information Age: Television and Computers ■ The Space Age ■ The Nuclear Age ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology

Postindustrial Society and Culture

Multinational Corporations ■ The New Worker ■ The Boom in Education and Research ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society

Protesting Cold War Conditions

Cracks in the Cold War Order ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism ■ 1968: Year of Crisis

The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War

A Changing Balance of World Power ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc

Conclusion

Chapter 28 Review

Primary Source Analysis: A Citizen’s Experience of Gorbachev’s Reforms

Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates

Terms of History: Neoliberalism

Environment Matters: Cherynobyl

Chapter 29

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath

The Breakup of Yugoslavia ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart ■ Toward a Market Economy

The Nation-State in a Global Age

Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations ■ Global Organizations

An Interconnected World’s New Challenges

The Earth and Its People Threatened ■ North versus South? ■ Radical Islam Meets the West ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■ The Promise and Problems of a World Economy ■ International Politics and the New Russia

Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century

Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration ■ Global Networks and Social Change ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism

Conclusion

Chapter 29 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Svetlana Alexievich, Nobel Prize Lecture, December 7, 2015

Contrasting Views: The Dutch Debate Globalization, Muslim Immigrants, and Turkey’s Admission to the EU

Terms of History: Globalization

Environment Matters: The German Reichstag: Reborn and Green

Glossary of Key Terms G-1

Acknowledgments A-1

Index I-1

About the Authors

Authors

Lynn Hunt

Lynn Hunt (PhD., Stanford University) is Distinguished Research Professor at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Writing History in the Global Era; The French and Revolution and Napoleon: Crucible of the Modern World and History: Why It Matters.

Thomas R. Martin

Thomas R. Martin (PhD., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of several books including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and most recently Pericles: A Biography in Context. He was one of the originators of the Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu).

Barbara H. Rosenwein

Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD., University of Chicago) is professor emerita of history at Loyola University Chicago and has been visiting professor at the Universities of Utrecht (Netherlands), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Oxford (Trinity College, England). She is the author or editor of many books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages; with co-author Elina Gertsman, The Middle Ages in 50 Objects; and most recently, Anger: The Conflicted History of an Emotion.

Bonnie G. Smith

Bonnie G. Smith (PhD., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor most recently of Modern Empires: A Reader; Women in World History since 1450; and a new version of Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900, among other works.

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Achieve for The Making of the West (1-Term Access)

Lynn Hunt; Thomas R. Martin; Barbara Rosenwein; Bonnie Smith | Seventh Edition | 2022 | ISBN:9781319381646

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