A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| ©2021 Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage todays students and save instructors time. Thi...
Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage todays students and save instructors time. This edition includes more help with historical thinking skills, an expanded primary source program in print and online, and the best and latest scholarship throughout.
Achieve helps you do more than you can with print alone. Available on its own or packaged with the book at a steep discount, the Achieve platform is ready to use as is, or can be edited and customized with your own material and assigned right away. Developed with extensive feedback from history instructors and students, Achieve includes the complete, full color narrative e-textbook, as well as abundant primary documents, maps, images, assignments, tutorials, and activities. The aims of key learning outcomes are addressed via formative and summative assessment, short answer and essay questions, multiple choice quizzing, and LearningCurve, an adaptive learning tool designed to get students to read before they come to class. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
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A regional and global approach to world history that highlights society and culture.
Long praised by instructors and students for its accessible regional chapter structure, readability, and sustained attention to social history, the Twelfth Edition of A History of World Societies includes even more features and tools to engage todays students and save instructors time. This edition includes more help with historical thinking skills, an expanded primary source program in print and online, and the best and latest scholarship throughout.
Achieve helps you do more than you can with print alone. Available on its own or packaged with the book at a steep discount, the Achieve platform is ready to use as is, or can be edited and customized with your own material and assigned right away. Developed with extensive feedback from history instructors and students, Achieve includes the complete, full color narrative e-textbook, as well as abundant primary documents, maps, images, assignments, tutorials, and activities. The aims of key learning outcomes are addressed via formative and summative assessment, short answer and essay questions, multiple choice quizzing, and LearningCurve, an adaptive learning tool designed to get students to read before they come to class. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
Features
NEW! Achieve, an innovative online learning platform with robust tools. Providing activities for student engagement and analytics for instructor insight, Achieve for A History of World Societies features LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, an integrated companion source reader, an online test bank, map quizzes, tutorials with assessment, and helpful course supplements, such as images and lecture slides. Adopt Achieve on its own or package with the print book.
LearningCurve ensures students come to class prepared. Tired of your students not reading the textbook? Would you like to know what they read and how much they understood BEFORE they come to class? Assign LearningCurve, the adaptive learning tool created for your survey textbook in Achieve, and the systems analytics will show how your students are doing with the reading so that you can adapt your class as needed. Each chapter-based LearningCurve activity gives students multiple chances to understand key concepts, return to the narrative textbook if they need to reread, and answer questions correctly. Over 90% of students report satisfaction with LearningCurves fun and accessible game-like interface. LearningCurve appeals to students so that they engage with the textbook, and it helps you to know what they know before class begins.A range of options offers convenience and value. In addition to the full textbook, this edition is also available in a conveniently smaller and lower-priced Concise edition with unabridged narrative and select features and images; an inexpensive Value edition - a two-color version with the unabridged narrative and select art and maps and no primary sources or other features; and a steeply-discounted loose-leaf format Value edition. Other lower-priced options include: e-textbooks for all book formats; an interactive, customizable e-textbook in the complete texts dedicated version of Achieve, with LearningCurve adaptive quizzing and a comprehensive set of teaching and study resources; and, for the most affordable and easiest-to-use e-textbook option, Achieve Read & Practice, with the mobile and accessible, two-color Value edition e-textbook and the adaptive quizzing of LearningCurve.
IN THE TEXTBOOK
The signature focus on social and cultural history and a readable, accessible narrative brings history to life for students. A History of World Societies uses vibrant social history to introduce students to the global past. The time-tested regional organization with global reach acquaints students with different parts of the world and helps them understand global connections.
Special features and a wealth of primary sources introduce students to historical interpretation. Students connect to the past through approximately 300 written and visual primary sources in the document features "Analyze Visual Evidence," "Analyze Written Evidence," "Compare Viewpoints," and "Think like a Historian." "Individuals in Society" biographical portraits highlight the lives of both elite and common people, and further the books attention to social and cultural developments while reflecting growing interest in micro-history. In addition, Sources of World Societies, the companion reader, offers approximately five additional primary documents per chapter. These engaging features and sources are fully assignable and assessable in Achieve.
Rich pedagogical support keeps students focused and builds historical thinking skills. Section focus questions and marginal key term definitions help students keep the main ideas and terms in mind as they read, "Map the Past" activities promote geographic literacy, and "Make Connections" concluding essays tie the chapter to related discussions elsewhere in the book and help students take a broad look at continuity and change.
The most current scholarship shows students the dynamic and ongoing work of history. Drawing on their own research and that of numerous experts, renowned scholars and veteran teachers Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Patricia
New to This Edition
NEW! Achieve, an innovative online learning platform with robust tools. Providing activities for student engagement and analytics for instructor insight, Achieve for A History of World Societies features LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, an integrated companion source reader, an online test bank, map quizzes, tutorials with assessment, and helpful course supplements, such as images and lecture slides. Adopt Achieve on its own or package it with the print book.
New thematic emphasis on environmental history. We have added a new emphasis on the environment to the social and cultural focus, comprehensive regional organization, and global perspective that have long been its hallmarks. This threads through the entire book, from Chapter 1’s discussion of how the environment shaped human migration and settlement in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras, to Chapter 33’s analysis of how global energy production and consumption have resulted in the climate change we experience today.
Narrative updates to incorporate the latest scholarship. Along with the addition of material on the environment and science-based evidence throughout, updates to the twelfth edition include: a revised section on human evolution (Chapter 1); a significant chapter revision, including more on the actual practices of Islam (Chapter 9); revision of the section on the Black Death to incorporate new scholarship (Chapter 14); expanded coverage of the Indian Ocean trade and new section on ideas about race (Chapter 16); more thorough discussion of the "Little Ice Age"(Chapter 18); new material on ocean fishing and whaling (Chapter 20); new section exploring human rights and liberation movements (Chapter 32).
Reversed order of Chapters 12 and 13. Our own teaching and discussion with colleagues led us to reverse the order of Chapters 12 and 13. To fit better with the more common course organization, Chapter 12 ("States and Cultures in East Asia 800–1400") is now followed by Chapter 13 ("Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia 300–1400").
“A History of World Societies is as good as you will find on the market today. It has an admirable balance of breadth vs. depth and regional vs. global coverage. It is concise enough that students will read it but there is still enough coverage for a survey class.”
— Thomas Doumaux, Pitt Community College“A History of World Societies is a well-rounded and comprehensive approach to world history. The regional approach allows the student to digest this seemingly gargantuan subject rather easily as it is separated into easily understood and straightforward sections. I would recommend this textbook to any world history instructor because it is organized and written in a way that promotes student success.”
— Brian C. Johnson, Kilgore College“A History of World Societies compares people, religions, and governing structures from all around the world in a sensitive and insightful way. It distinguishes itself in its accessibility to students with the goal of helping them build a framework to better understand the world.”
— Lise Namikas, Baton Rouge Community College
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A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| ©2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
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A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| 2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
Special Features
1
The Earliest Human Societies
to 2500 b.c.e.
Evolution and Migration
Understanding the Early Human Past • Hominin Evolution • Homo Sapiens, "Thinking Humans" • Migration and Differentiation
Later Paleolithic Society, ca. 200,000–9000 b.c.e.
Foraging for Food • Family and Kinship Relationships • Cultural Creations and Spirituality
The Development of Agriculture in the Neolithic Era, ca. 9000 b.c.e.
Plant Domestication and the Development of Horticulture • Animal Domestication and the Rise of Pastoralism • Plow Agriculture
Neolithic Society
Social Hierarchies and Slavery • Gender Hierarchies and Inheritance • Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Visual Evidence Paleolithic Venus Figures
Analyze Visual Evidence Bison and Human in Lascaux Cave
Think Like a Historian Paleolithic Hand Markings
Compare Viewpoints Calendar Megaliths in Egypt and England
Individuals in Society The Iceman, A Neolithic Murder Victim
2
Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley
3800–500 b.c.e.
Writing, Cities, and States
Written Sources and the Human Past • Cities and the Idea of Civilization • The Rise of States, Laws, and Social Hierarchies
Mesopotamia from Sumer to Babylon
Environmental Challenges, Irrigation, and Religion • Sumerian Politics and Society • Writing, Mathematics, and Poetry • Empires in Mesopotamia • Life Under Hammurabi
The Egyptians
The Nile and the God-King • Egyptian Society and Work • Migrations, Revivals, and Collapse • Iron and the Emergence of New States
The Hebrews
The Hebrew State • The Jewish Religion • Hebrew Family and Society
The Assyrians and Persians
Assyria, the Military Monarchy • The Rise and Expansion of the Persian Empire • The Religion of Zoroaster
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Hammurabi’s Code on Marriage and Divorce
Analyze Visual Evidence Egyptian Families
Think Like a Historian Addressing the Gods
Compare Viewpoints Babylonian and Hebrew Ideas of Rulers and Divine Favor
Individuals in Society King Taharqa, Ruler of Kush and Egypt
3
The Foundation of Indian Society
to 300 c.e.
The Land and Its First Settlers, ca. 3000–1500 b.c.e.
The Aryans During the Vedic Age, ca. 1500–500 b.c.e.
Aryan Dominance in North India • Life in Early India • Brahmanism
India’s Great Religions
Jainism • Siddhartha Gautama and Buddhism • Hinduism
Western Contact and the Mauryan Unification of North India, ca. 513–185 b.c.e.
Encounters with the West • Chandragupta and the Founding of the Mauryan Empire • The Reign of Ashoka, ca. 269–232 b.c.e.
Small States and Trading Networks, 185 b.c.e.–300 c.e.
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Conversations Between Rama and Sita from the Ramayana
Analyze Visual Evidence Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha’s Enlightenment
Think Like A Historian Harappan Artifacts
Compare Viewpoints Divine Martial Prowess in India and Sumer
Individuals in Society Sudatta, Lay Follower of the Buddha
4
China’s Classical Age
to 221 b.c.e.
The Emergence of Civilization in China
The Impact of Geography • Early Agricultural Societies of the Neolithic Age
The Shang Dynasty, ca. 1500–1050 b.c.e.
Shang Society • Bronze Metalworking • The Development of Writing
The Early Zhou Dynasty, ca. 1050–400 b.c.e.
Zhou Politics • Life During the Zhou Dynasty
The Warring States Period, 403–221 b.c.e.
New Technologies for War • The Victorious States
Confucius and His Followers
Confucius • The Spread of Confucian Ideas
Daoism, Legalism, and Other Schools of Thought
Daoism • Legalism • The Workings of Nature
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Teachings of Confucius
Analyze Visual Evidence Inscribed Bamboo Slips
Think Like A Historian Ideas About the Divine Realm
Compare Viewpoints The Inglorious Side of War in the Book of Songs and the Patirruppattu
Individuals in Society Li Bing, Water-Works Expert
5
The Greek Experience
3500–30 b.c.e.
Greece in the Bronze Age and the "Dark Age," ca. 3000–800 b.c.e.
The Minoans and Mycenaeans • The "Dark Age"
The Development of the Polis in the Archaic Age, ca. 800–500 b.c.e.
Organization of the Polis • Overseas Expansion and Trade • The Growth of Sparta • The Evolution of Athens
Turmoil and Culture in the Classical Period, 500–338 b.c.e.
The Deadly Conflicts, 499–404 b.c.e. • Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles • Social Hierarchies and Sexual Relations • Public and Personal Religion • The Development of Philosophy
Hellenistic Society, 323–30 b.c.e.
From Polis to Monarchy, 404–200 b.c.e. • Building a Hellenized Society • The Hellenistic Economy
Hellenistic Religion, Philosophy, and Science
Religion in the Hellenistic World • Philosophy and Its Guidance for Life • Hellenistic Science and Medicine
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Homer’s Iliad
Analyze Visual Evidence The Acropolis of Athens
Think Like a Historian Gender Roles in Classical Athens
Compare Viewpoints Hellenistic and Chinese Spells
Individuals in Society Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor
6
The World of Rome
ca. 1000 b.c.e.–400 c.e.
The Romans in Italy
The Etruscans • The Founding of Rome • The Roman Conquest of Italy • The Roman State • Social Conflict in Rome
Roman Expansion and Its Repercussions
Overseas Conquests and the Punic Wars, 264–133 b.c.e. • New Influences and Old Values in Roman Culture • The Late Republic and the Rise of Augustus, 133–27 b.c.e. • The Successes of Augustus
Rome and the Provinces
Political and Military Changes in the Empire • Life in Imperial Rome • Prosperity and Problems in the Roman Provinces • Eastward Expansion and Contacts Between Rome and China
The Coming of Christianity
Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity • The Life and Teachings of Jesus • The Spread of Christianity • The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity
Turmoil and Reform
Political Measures • Economic Issues • The Acceptance of Christianity
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan
Analyze Visual Evidence The Temple of Hercules Victory
Think Like a Historian Army and Empire
Compare Viewpoints Roman and Chinese Officials Confront Natural Disasters
Individuals in Society Cleopatra, Ruler and Sex Symbol
7
East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism
221 b.c.e.–845 c.e.
The Age of Empire in China: The Qin and Han Dynasties
The Qin Unification, 221–206 b.c.e. • The Han Dynasty, 206 b.c.e.–220 c.e. • Han Intellectual and Cultural Life • Inner Asia and the Silk Road • Life in Han China • China and Rome • The Fall of the Han and the Age of Division
The Spread of Buddhism Out of India
Buddhism’s Path Through Central Asia • The Appeal and Impact of Buddhism in China
The Chinese Empire Re-created: The Sui and Tang Dynasties
The Sui Dynasty, 581–618 • The Tang Dynasty, 618–907 • Tang Culture
The East Asian Cultural Sphere
Vietnam • Korea • Japan
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Sixth-Century Biographies of Buddhist Nuns
Analyze Visual Evidence Hōryūji Temple
Think Like A Historian Who Made the Chinese Silks Found Along the Silk Road?
Compare Viewpoints Coping with Epidemics in Japan and Byzantium
Individuals in Society The Ban Family, a Tale of Three Siblings
8
Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia
250–850
The Byzantine Empire
Sources of Byzantine Strength • The Sassanid Empire and Conflicts with Byzantium • Justinian’s Code of Law • Byzantine Learning and Science • Life in Constantinople
The Growth of the Christian Church
The Evolution of Church Leadership and Orthodoxy • The Western Church and the Eastern Church • Christian Monasticism
Christian Ideas and Practices
Christianity and Classical Culture • Saint Augustine on Sin, Grace, and Redemption • The Iconoclastic Controversy
Migrating Peoples
Movement Patterns • Economic and Social Structures • Tribes, Warriors, and Laws
Christian Missionaries and Conversion
Missionaries’ Actions • The Process of Conversion
Frankish Rulers and Their Territories
The Merovingians and Carolingians • The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Capitulary de Villis
Analyze Visual Evidence Orthodox Icon of Jesus
Think Like a Historian Slavery in Roman and Germanic Society
Compare Viewpoints Roman and Byzantine Views of Barbarians
Individuals in Society Theodora of Constantinople, Actress and Empress
9
The Islamic World
600–1400
The Origins of Islam
Society and Culture in the Arabian Peninsula • Muhammad’s Rise as a Religious and Political Leader • The Teachings of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
Islam’s Spread Beyond Arabia • The Shi’a/Sunni Split and the Umayyad Caliphate • The Abbasid Caliphate • The Environmental Impact of Islamic Expansion
Fragmentation and Military Challenges, 900–1400
Breakaway Territories and Shi’a Gains • The Ascendancy of the Turks • The Mongol Invasions
Muslim Society
The Social Hierarchy • Slavery • Women in Islamic Society • Sexuality and Marriage
Cultural Developments
The Cultural Centers of Baghdad and Córdoba • Education • Cultural and Intellectual Life • The Mystical Tradition of Sufism
Trade and Cross-cultural Interactions
Trade and Commerce • Muslim-Christian Encounters
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Towns and Travel in the Western Sahara
Analyze Visual Evidence The Court of the Lions at the Alhambra
Think Like a Historian The Risks and Rewards of Indian Ocean Seaborne Trade
Compare Viewpoints The Muslim Conquest of Spain
Individuals in Society Ibn Battuta, World Traveler
10
African Societies and Kingdoms
1000 b.c.e.–1500 c.e.
The Land and Peoples of Africa
Early African Societies
Agriculture and Its Impact • Bantu Migrations • Life in the Kingdoms of the Western Sudan, ca. 1000 b.c.e.–800 c.e.
The Trans-Saharan Trade
The Berbers of North Africa • Effects of Trade on West African Society • The Spread of Islam in Africa
African Kingdoms and Empires, ca. 800–1500
The Kingdom of Ghana, ca. 900–1100 • The Kingdom of Mali, ca. 1200–1450 • Ethiopia: The Christian Kingdom of Aksum • The East African City-States • Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence A Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Describes Parts of the East African Coast
Analyze Visual Evidence The Queen of Sheba and King Solomon
Think Like a Historian Great Zimbabwe
Compare Viewpoints Early Descriptions of the East African Coast
Individuals in Society King Ezana, Christian Ruler of Aksum
11
The Americas
To 1500 c.e.
Societies of the Americas in a Global Context
Trade and Technology • Settlement and Environment
Ancient Societies
Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion • Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies • Climate Change and North American Societies • Kinship and Ancestors in the Andes
The Incas
The Inca Model of Empire • Inca Imperial Expansion • Imperial Needs and Obligations
The Maya and Teotihuacan
Maya Agriculture and Trade • Maya Science and Religion • Teotihuacan and the Toltecs
The Aztec Empire
The Mexica: From Vassals to Rulers • Life in the Aztec Empire • The Limits of the Aztec Empire
American Empires and the Encounter
The Last Day of the Aztecs • The Fall of the Incas
Chapter Summary
make Connections, look ahead
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government
Analyze Visual Evidence The Maya Calendar
Think Like a Historian Feathers, Snakes, and Humans
Compare Viewpoints Inca and Spanish Views on Religion, Authority, and Tribute
Individuals in Society Tlacaelel, Architect of Empire
12
States and Cultures in East Asia
800–1400
The Medieval Chinese Economic Revolution, 800–1100
China During the Song, Liao, and Jin Dynasties, 960–1232
The Song Dynasty and its Northern Rivals • The Scholar-Officials and Neo-Confucianism • Women’s Lives in Song Times • Environmental Crises
Korea Under the Goryeo Dynasty, 935–1392
Japan’s Heian Period, 794–1185
Fujiwara Rule • Aristocratic Culture
The Samurai and the Kamakura Shogunate, 1185–1333
Military Rule • Cultural and Economic Trends
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Kamo no Chomei on Calamities Witnessed
Analyze Visual Evidence Ma Yuan’s Painting On a Mountain Path in Spring
Think Like a Historian When and Why Did Foot Binding Begin?
Compare Viewpoints Painters of Uncanny Skill in China and Rome
Individuals in Society Shen Gua, Polymath
13
Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia
300–1400
Central Asian Nomads
Nomadic Society • The Turks • The Mongols
Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire
Chinggis Khan • Chinggis’s Successors • The Mongols as Rulers
East-West Communication During the Mongol Era
The Movement of Peoples • The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas
India, Islam, and the Development of Regional Cultures, 300–1400
The Gupta Empire, ca. 320–480 • India’s Medieval Age and the First Encounter with Islam • The Delhi Sultanate • Life in Medieval India
Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Growth of Maritime Trade
State Formation and Indian Influences • The Srivijayan Maritime Trade Empire • The Spread of Indian Culture in Comparative Perspective • The Settlement of the Pacific Islands
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence The Abduction of Women in The Secret History of the Mongols
Analyze Visual Evidence Bayan Relief at Angkor Thom
Think Like a Historian The Mongol Army
Compare Viewpoints The Mongols’ Adoption of Paper Money
Individuals in Society Bana, Romance Writer
14
Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages
800–1450
Political Developments
Invasions and Migrations • "Feudalism" and Serfdom • The Restoration of Order • Law and Justice
The Christian Church
Papal Reforms • Monastic Life • Popular Religion • The Expansion of Western and Eastern Christianity
The Crusades
Background and Motives • The Course of the Crusades • Consequences of the Crusades
The Life of the People
The Life and Work of Peasants • The Life and Work of Nobles • Towns, Cities, and the Growth of Commercial Interests • The Expansion of Trade and the Commercial Revolution
Learning and Culture
Universities and Scholasticism • Cathedrals and a New Architectural Style • Vernacular Literature and Drama
Crises of the Later Middle Ages
The Little Ice Age and the Black Death • The Hundred Years’ War • Challenges to the Christian Church • Peasant and Urban Revolts
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Courtly Love Poetry
Analyze Visual Evidence The Battle of Nicopolis
Think Like a Historian Christian and Muslim Views of the Crusades
Compare Viewpoints Italian and English Views of the Plague
Individuals in Society Hildegard of Bingen, Abbess, Mystic, and Composer
15
Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation
1350–1600
Renaissance Culture
Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy • The Rise of Humanism • Christian Humanism • Printing and Its Social Impact • Art and the Artist
Social Hierarchies
Race and Slavery • Wealth and the Nobility • Gender Roles
Politics and the State in the Renaissance
Warfare, Money, and Mining • France • England • Spain • The Habsburgs
The Protestant Reformation
Criticism of the Church • Martin Luther • Protestant Thought and Its Appeal • The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ War • Marriage and Women’s Roles • The Reformation and German Politics • England’s Shift Toward Protestantism • Calvinism and Its Moral Standards
The Catholic Reformation
Papal Reforms and the Council of Trent • New Religious Orders
Religious Violence
French Religious Wars • Civil Wars in the Netherlands • The Great European Witch-Hunt
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty
Analyze Visual Evidence Woodcuts from Agricola’s De re metallica
Think Like a Historian Humanist Learning
Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Views on Proper Behavior
Individuals in Society Leonardo da Vinci, Artist, Inventor, Genius
16
The Acceleration of Global Contact
1450–1600
The Afro-Eurasian Trade World
The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen
The European Voyages of Discovery
Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain’s Voyages to the Americas • Spain "Discovers" the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers
Conquest and Settlement
Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement
The Era of Global Contact
Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy
Changing Attitudes and Beliefs
Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race
Chapter Summary
MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD
REVIEW AND EXPLORE
Primary Source Features
Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage
Analyze Visual Evidence Depictions of Africans in European Portraiture
Think Like a Historian Who Was Doña Marina?
Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain
Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint
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A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| 2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
Authors
![Headshot of Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/4973835.jpg)
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
![Headshot of Patricia Buckley Ebrey](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/16176020.jpg)
Patricia Buckley Ebrey
![Headshot of Roger B. Beck](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/16170443.jpg)
Roger B. Beck
![Headshot of Jerry Davila](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/93220090.jpg)
Jerry Davila
![Headshot of Clare Haru Crowston](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/16170295.jpg)
Clare Haru Crowston
![Headshot of John P. McKay](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Authors/207W/16170291.jpg)
John P. McKay
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A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| 2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
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![Cover: A History of World Societies, Volume 1, 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Jackets/258W/9781319302443.jpg)
A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| 2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
Related Titles
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Sources of World Societies, Volume 1
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Achieve Read & Practice for A History of World Societies, Value Edition (1-Term Access)
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay | Twelfth Edition | 2021 | ISBN:9781319282455![Cover: A History of World Societies, Combined Volume, 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Jackets/258W/9781319244538.jpg)
A History of World Societies, Combined Volume
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay | Twelfth Edition | 2021 | ISBN:9781319244538![Cover: Achieve for A History of World Societies (1-Term Access), 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Jackets/258W/9781319490331.jpg)
Achieve for A History of World Societies (1-Term Access)
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay | Twelfth Edition | 2023 | ISBN:9781319490331![Look Inside](/college/_ui/responsive/theme-alpha/images/icon-look@2x.png)
![Cover: A History of World Societies, Volume 1, 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay](http://prod-cat-files.macmillan.cloud/MediaResources/Jackets/258W/9781319302443.jpg)
A History of World Societies, Volume 1
Twelfth Edition| 2021
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
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Jerry Davila on Renewed Focus on Environmental History & Climate in A History of World Societies
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Merry Wiesner-Hanks on what’s new in this edition of A History of World Societies
Author, Merry Wiesner-Hanks, on what’s new in this edition of A History of World Societies, including a new thematic emphasis on environmentalism and updated scholarship!
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