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Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.

Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.

Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.

The Earliest Human Societies

to 2500 b.c.e.

Understanding the Early Human Past • Hominin Evolution • Homo Sapiens, "Thinking Humans" • Migration and Differentiation

Foraging for Food • Family and Kinship Relationships • Cultural Creations and Spirituality

Plant Domestication and the Development of Horticulture • Animal Domestication and the Rise of Pastoralism • Plow Agriculture

Social Hierarchies and Slavery • Gender Hierarchies and Inheritance • Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections

Primary Source Features

Analyze Visual Evidence Paleolithic Venus Figures

Analyze Visual Evidence Bison and Human in Lascaux Cave

Think Like a Historian Paleolithic Hand Markings

Compare Viewpoints Calendar Megaliths in Egypt and England

Individuals in Society The Iceman, A Neolithic Murder Victim

Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley

3800–500 b.c.e.

Written Sources and the Human Past • Cities and the Idea of Civilization • The Rise of States, Laws, and Social Hierarchies

Environmental Challenges, Irrigation, and Religion • Sumerian Politics and Society • Writing, Mathematics, and Poetry • Empires in Mesopotamia • Life Under Hammurabi

The Nile and the God-King • Egyptian Society and Work • Migrations, Revivals, and Collapse • Iron and the Emergence of New States

The Hebrew State • The Jewish Religion • Hebrew Family and Society

Assyria, the Military Monarchy • The Rise and Expansion of the Persian Empire • The Religion of Zoroaster

Analyze Written Evidence Hammurabi’s Code on Marriage and Divorce

Analyze Visual Evidence Egyptian Families

Think Like a Historian Addressing the Gods

Compare Viewpoints Babylonian and Hebrew Ideas of Rulers and Divine Favor

Individuals in Society King Taharqa, Ruler of Kush and Egypt

The Foundation of Indian Society

to 300 c.e.

Aryan Dominance in North India • Life in Early India • Brahmanism

Jainism • Siddhartha Gautama and Buddhism • Hinduism

Encounters with the West • Chandragupta and the Founding of the Mauryan Empire • The Reign of Ashoka, ca. 269–232 b.c.e.

Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Conversations Between Rama and Sita from the Ramayana

Analyze Visual Evidence Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha’s Enlightenment

Think Like A Historian Harappan Artifacts

Compare Viewpoints Divine Martial Prowess in India and Sumer

Individuals in Society Sudatta, Lay Follower of the Buddha

China’s Classical Age

to 221 b.c.e.

The Impact of Geography • Early Agricultural Societies of the Neolithic Age

Shang Society • Bronze Metalworking • The Development of Writing

Zhou Politics • Life During the Zhou Dynasty

New Technologies for War • The Victorious States

Confucius • The Spread of Confucian Ideas

Daoism • Legalism • The Workings of Nature

Analyze Written Evidence The Teachings of Confucius

Analyze Visual Evidence Inscribed Bamboo Slips

Think Like A Historian Ideas About the Divine Realm

Compare Viewpoints The Inglorious Side of War in the Book of Songs and the Patirruppattu

Individuals in Society Li Bing, Water-Works Expert

The Greek Experience

3500–30 b.c.e.

The Minoans and Mycenaeans • The "Dark Age"

Organization of the Polis • Overseas Expansion and Trade • The Growth of Sparta • The Evolution of Athens

The Deadly Conflicts, 499–404 b.c.e. • Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles • Social Hierarchies and Sexual Relations • Public and Personal Religion • The Development of Philosophy

From Polis to Monarchy, 404–200 b.c.e. • Building a Hellenized Society • The Hellenistic Economy

Religion in the Hellenistic World • Philosophy and Its Guidance for Life • Hellenistic Science and Medicine

Analyze Written Evidence Homer’s Iliad

Analyze Visual Evidence The Acropolis of Athens

Think Like a Historian Gender Roles in Classical Athens

Compare Viewpoints Hellenistic and Chinese Spells

Individuals in Society Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor

The World of Rome

ca. 1000 b.c.e.–400 c.e.

The Etruscans • The Founding of Rome • The Roman Conquest of Italy • The Roman State • Social Conflict in Rome

Overseas Conquests and the Punic Wars, 264–133 b.c.e. • New Influences and Old Values in Roman Culture • The Late Republic and the Rise of Augustus, 133–27 b.c.e. • The Successes of Augustus

Political and Military Changes in the Empire • Life in Imperial Rome • Prosperity and Problems in the Roman Provinces • Eastward Expansion and Contacts Between Rome and China

Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity • The Life and Teachings of Jesus • The Spread of Christianity • The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity

Political Measures • Economic Issues • The Acceptance of Christianity

Analyze Written Evidence The Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan

Analyze Visual Evidence The Temple of Hercules Victory

Think Like a Historian Army and Empire

Compare Viewpoints Roman and Chinese Officials Confront Natural Disasters

Individuals in Society Cleopatra, Ruler and Sex Symbol

East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism

221 b.c.e.–845 c.e.

The Qin Unification, 221–206 b.c.e. • The Han Dynasty, 206 b.c.e.–220 c.e. • Han Intellectual and Cultural Life • Inner Asia and the Silk Road • Life in Han China • China and Rome • The Fall of the Han and the Age of Division

Buddhism’s Path Through Central Asia • The Appeal and Impact of Buddhism in China

The Sui Dynasty, 581–618 • The Tang Dynasty, 618–907 • Tang Culture

Vietnam • Korea • Japan

Analyze Written Evidence Sixth-Century Biographies of Buddhist Nuns

Analyze Visual Evidence Hōryūji Temple

Think Like A Historian Who Made the Chinese Silks Found Along the Silk Road?

Compare Viewpoints Coping with Epidemics in Japan and Byzantium

Individuals in Society The Ban Family, a Tale of Three Siblings

Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia

250–850

Sources of Byzantine Strength • The Sassanid Empire and Conflicts with Byzantium • Justinian’s Code of Law • Byzantine Learning and Science • Life in Constantinople

The Evolution of Church Leadership and Orthodoxy • The Western Church and the Eastern Church • Christian Monasticism

Christianity and Classical Culture • Saint Augustine on Sin, Grace, and Redemption • The Iconoclastic Controversy

Movement Patterns • Economic and Social Structures • Tribes, Warriors, and Laws

Missionaries’ Actions • The Process of Conversion

The Merovingians and Carolingians • The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne

Analyze Written Evidence The Capitulary de Villis

Analyze Visual Evidence Orthodox Icon of Jesus

Think Like a Historian Slavery in Roman and Germanic Society

Compare Viewpoints Roman and Byzantine Views of Barbarians

Individuals in Society Theodora of Constantinople, Actress and Empress

The Islamic World

600–1400

Society and Culture in the Arabian Peninsula • Muhammad’s Rise as a Religious and Political Leader • The Teachings of Islam

Islam’s Spread Beyond Arabia • The Shi’a/Sunni Split and the Umayyad Caliphate • The Abbasid Caliphate • The Environmental Impact of Islamic Expansion

Breakaway Territories and Shi’a Gains • The Ascendancy of the Turks • The Mongol Invasions

The Social Hierarchy • Slavery • Women in Islamic Society • Sexuality and Marriage

The Cultural Centers of Baghdad and Córdoba • Education • Cultural and Intellectual Life • The Mystical Tradition of Sufism

Trade and Commerce • Muslim-Christian Encounters

Analyze Written Evidence Towns and Travel in the Western Sahara

Analyze Visual Evidence The Court of the Lions at the Alhambra

Think Like a Historian The Risks and Rewards of Indian Ocean Seaborne Trade

Compare Viewpoints The Muslim Conquest of Spain

Individuals in Society Ibn Battuta, World Traveler

African Societies and Kingdoms

1000 b.c.e.–1500 c.e.

Agriculture and Its Impact • Bantu Migrations • Life in the Kingdoms of the Western Sudan, ca. 1000 b.c.e.–800 c.e.

The Berbers of North Africa • Effects of Trade on West African Society • The Spread of Islam in Africa

The Kingdom of Ghana, ca. 900–1100 • The Kingdom of Mali, ca. 1200–1450 • Ethiopia: The Christian Kingdom of Aksum • The East African City-States • Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe

Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence A Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Describes Parts of the East African Coast

Analyze Visual Evidence The Queen of Sheba and King Solomon

Think Like a Historian Great Zimbabwe

Compare Viewpoints Early Descriptions of the East African Coast

Individuals in Society King Ezana, Christian Ruler of Aksum

The Americas

To 1500 c.e.

Trade and Technology • Settlement and Environment

Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion • Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies • Climate Change and North American Societies • Kinship and Ancestors in the Andes

The Inca Model of Empire • Inca Imperial Expansion • Imperial Needs and Obligations

Maya Agriculture and Trade • Maya Science and Religion • Teotihuacan and the Toltecs

The Mexica: From Vassals to Rulers • Life in the Aztec Empire • The Limits of the Aztec Empire

The Last Day of the Aztecs • The Fall of the Incas

Analyze Written Evidence Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government

Analyze Visual Evidence The Maya Calendar

Think Like a Historian Feathers, Snakes, and Humans

Compare Viewpoints Inca and Spanish Views on Religion, Authority, and Tribute

Individuals in Society Tlacaelel, Architect of Empire

States and Cultures in East Asia

800–1400

The Song Dynasty and its Northern Rivals • The Scholar-Officials and Neo-Confucianism • Women’s Lives in Song Times • Environmental Crises

Fujiwara Rule • Aristocratic Culture

Military Rule • Cultural and Economic Trends

Analyze Written Evidence Kamo no Chomei on Calamities Witnessed

Analyze Visual Evidence Ma Yuan’s Painting On a Mountain Path in Spring

Think Like a Historian When and Why Did Foot Binding Begin?

Compare Viewpoints Painters of Uncanny Skill in China and Rome

Individuals in Society Shen Gua, Polymath

Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia

300–1400

Nomadic Society • The Turks • The Mongols

Chinggis Khan • Chinggis’s Successors • The Mongols as Rulers

The Movement of Peoples • The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas

The Gupta Empire, ca. 320–480 • India’s Medieval Age and the First Encounter with Islam • The Delhi Sultanate • Life in Medieval India

State Formation and Indian Influences • The Srivijayan Maritime Trade Empire • The Spread of Indian Culture in Comparative Perspective • The Settlement of the Pacific Islands

Analyze Written Evidence The Abduction of Women in The Secret History of the Mongols

Analyze Visual Evidence Bayan Relief at Angkor Thom

Think Like a Historian The Mongol Army

Compare Viewpoints The Mongols’ Adoption of Paper Money

Individuals in Society Bana, Romance Writer

Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages

800–1450

Invasions and Migrations • "Feudalism" and Serfdom • The Restoration of Order • Law and Justice

Papal Reforms • Monastic Life • Popular Religion • The Expansion of Western and Eastern Christianity

Background and Motives • The Course of the Crusades • Consequences of the Crusades

The Life and Work of Peasants • The Life and Work of Nobles • Towns, Cities, and the Growth of Commercial Interests • The Expansion of Trade and the Commercial Revolution

Universities and Scholasticism • Cathedrals and a New Architectural Style • Vernacular Literature and Drama

The Little Ice Age and the Black Death • The Hundred Years’ War • Challenges to the Christian Church • Peasant and Urban Revolts

Analyze Written Evidence Courtly Love Poetry

Analyze Visual Evidence The Battle of Nicopolis

Think Like a Historian Christian and Muslim Views of the Crusades

Compare Viewpoints Italian and English Views of the Plague

Individuals in Society Hildegard of Bingen, Abbess, Mystic, and Composer

Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

1350–1600

Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy • The Rise of Humanism • Christian Humanism • Printing and Its Social Impact • Art and the Artist

Race and Slavery • Wealth and the Nobility • Gender Roles

Warfare, Money, and Mining • France • England • Spain • The Habsburgs

Criticism of the Church • Martin Luther • Protestant Thought and Its Appeal • The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ War • Marriage and Women’s Roles • The Reformation and German Politics • England’s Shift Toward Protestantism • Calvinism and Its Moral Standards

Papal Reforms and the Council of Trent • New Religious Orders

French Religious Wars • Civil Wars in the Netherlands • The Great European Witch-Hunt

Analyze Written Evidence Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty

Analyze Visual Evidence Woodcuts from Agricola’s De re metallica

Think Like a Historian Humanist Learning

Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Views on Proper Behavior

Individuals in Society Leonardo da Vinci, Artist, Inventor, Genius

The Acceleration of Global Contact

1450–1600

The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain’s Voyages to the Americas • Spain "Discovers" the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement

Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy

Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race

Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage

Analyze Visual Evidence Depictions of Africans in European Portraiture

Think Like a Historian Who Was Doña Marina?

Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain

Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint

The Islamic World Powers

1300–1800

Environmental Challenges • The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire • Land-Holding, Slavery and Imperial Administrations • The Safavid Empire in Persia • The Mughal Empire in India

Religious Legitimacy and Orthodoxy • Sufism • Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule

The Arts • City and Palace Building • Gardens • Intellectual Advances

New Forms of Consumption • The Impact of Gunpowder • European Trade in Asia and the Islamic Powers’ Response • From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

Analyze Written Evidence Katib Chelebi on Tobacco

Analyze Visual Evidence Coffee Drinking

Think Like a Historian Forced Relocation of Armenians to Persia

Compare Viewpoints Mughal and French Views on Priorities for Monarchs

Individuals in Society Hürrem, Concubine, Empress, and Counselor

European Power and Expansion

1500–1750

The Protestant Reformation • The Catholic Reformation • Religious Violence

The Social Order and Peasant Life • Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis • The Thirty Years’ War • European Achievements in State-Building

Spain • The Foundations of French Absolutism • Louis XIV and Absolutism • The Wars of Louis XIV • The Absolutist Palace • The Austrian Habsburgs

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth • The Failure of Absolutism in England • The Puritan Protectorate • Constitutional Monarchy • The Dutch Republic

The Dutch Trading Empire • Colonial Empires of England and France • Mercantilism and Colonial Wars • People Beyond Borders

Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow • Building the Russian Empire • Peter the Great and Russia’s Turn to the West

Analyze Written Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts

Analyze Visual Evidence Genre Painting: Celebrating Daily Life

Think Like a Historian What Was Absolutism?

Compare Viewpoints Descriptions of Louis XIV of France and the Kangxi Emperor of China

Individuals in Society Glückel of Hameln, Mother and Businesswoman

New Worldviews and Ways of Life

1540–1790

The Muslim Contribution • Scientific Thought to 1550 • Astronomy and Physics • Newton’s Synthesis • Natural History and Empire • Magic and Alchemy

The Methods of Science • Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry • Science and Religion • Science and Society

The Early Enlightenment • The Influence of the Philosophes • Enlightenment Movements Across Europe

Global Contacts • New Definitions of Race • Women and the Enlightenment • Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits

Economic and Demographic Change • The Atlantic Economy • Urban Life and the Public Sphere • Culture and Community in the Atlantic World • The Atlantic Enlightenment

Analyze Written Evidence Denis Diderot, "Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage"

Analyze Visual Evidence Frontispiece to De On the Structure of the Human Body

Think Like a Historian The Enlightenment Debate on Religious Tolerance

Compare Viewpoints Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft on Women’s Nature

Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten, Mixed-Race Missionary

Africa and the World

1400–1800

The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin • The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland • Agriculture, Gender, and Marriage in West Africa • Trade and Industry

Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500–1630 • The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500–1600

The Institution of Slavery in Africa • The Transatlantic Slave Trade • Impact on African Societies

Analyze Written Evidence Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States

Analyze Visual Evidence Lamu Old Town, Lamu Island, Kenya

Think Like a Historian Perspectives on the African Slave Trade

Compare Viewpoints European Descriptions of Timbuktu and Jenne

Individuals in Society Olaudah Equiano, Slave to Abolitionist

Continuity and Change in East Asia

1400–1800

The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty • Problems with the Imperial Institution • The Mongols and the Great Wall • The Examination Life • Everyday Life in Ming China • Ming Decline

The Rise of the Manchus • Competent and Long-Lived Emperors • Imperial Expansion

Muromachi Culture • Civil War • The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

Tokugawa Government • Commercialization and the Growth of Towns • The Life of the People in the Edo Period

Zheng He’s Voyages • Piracy and Japan’s Overseas Adventures • Europeans Enter the Scene • Christian Missionaries • Learning from the West • The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Analyze Written Evidence Control of Locusts

Analyze Visual Evience Interior View of a Kabuki Theater

Think Like a Historian Attention to Dress in Edo Japan

Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Commentators on Urban Amusements

Individuals in Society Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor

Revolutions in the Atlantic World

1775–1825

Social Change • Demands for Liberty and Equality • The Seven Years’ War

The Origins of the Revolution • Independence from Britain • Framing the Constitution • Limitations of Liberty and Equality

Breakdown of the Old Order • The National Assembly • Constitutional Monarchy • The National Convention • The Directory

Napoleon’s Rule of France • Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe • The Grand Empire and Its End

Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue • The Outbreak of Revolt • The War of Haitian Independence

The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers • Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence • The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World

Analyze Written Evidence Abigail Adams, "Remember the Ladies"

Analyze Visual Evidence Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808

Think Like a Historian The Rights of Which Men?

Compare Viewpoints Declarations of Independence: The United States and Venezuela

Individuals in Society Vincent Ogé, Free Man of Color and Revolutionary

The Revolution in Energy and Industry

1760–1850

Why Britain? • Technological Innovations and Early Factories • Steam Power and the Energy Revolution • Breakthrough • Steam-Powered Transportation • Industry and Population

National and International Variations • Industrialization in Continental Europe • Agents of Industrialization • The Global Picture

Work in Early Factories • Working Families and Children • The Sexual Division of Labor • Living Standards for the Working Class • Environmental Impacts of Industrialization

The New Class of Factory Owners • Responses to Industrialization • The Early Labor Movement in Britain • The Impact of Slavery

Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of Child Labor

Analyze Visual Evidence Rain, Steam and Speed –– the Great Western Railway

Think Like a Historian Making the Industrialized Worker

Compare Viewpoints Indian Cotton Manufacturers

Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton, Inventor and Unsuccessful Entrepreneur

Ideologies of Change in Europe

1815–1914

The Political and Social Situation After 1815 • Conservatism After 1815 • Liberalism and the Middle Class • The Growing Appeal of Nationalism • The Birth of Socialism

Social and Economic Conflict • Liberal Reform in Great Britain • Revolutions in France •

The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy • Bismarck and German Unification • The Modernization of Russia

Improving the Urban Environment • Social Inequality and Class • The Changing Family • Science for the Masses • Cultural Shifts

Trends in Suffrage • The German Empire • Republican France • Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire • Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism • The Socialist Movement

Analyze Written Evidence Stefan Zweig on Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

Analyze Visual Evidence The Triumph of Democratic Republics

Think Like a Historian The Promise of Electricity

Compare Viewpoints German and Italian Views on Nationalism

Individuals in Society George Sand, Novelist Who Defied Gender Roles

Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism

1800–1914

Trade and Social Change • Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa • The Scramble for Africa, 1880–1914 • Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century • Colonialism’s Impact After 1900

Causes of the New Imperialism • A "Civilizing Mission" • Critics of Imperialism • African and Asian Resistance

Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire • Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation •

The Rise of Global Inequality • The World Market

Analyze Written Evidence A French Leader Defends Imperialism

Analyze Visual Evidence Pears’ Soap Advertisement

Think Like a Historian African Views of the Scramble for Africa

Compare Viewpoints The Congo Free State

Individuals in Society Tippu Tip, Afro-Arab Slave Trader and Diplomat

Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism

1800–1914

The Evolution of British Rule • The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule • The British and the Indian Educated Elite

The Dutch East Indies • Mainland Southeast Asia • The Philippines

The Opium War • Internal Problems • The Self-Strengthening Movement • Republican Revolution

The "Opening" of Japan • The Meiji Restoration • Industrialization • Japan as an Imperial Power

Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand • Asian Emigration

The Impact of Foreign Domination • Environmental and Economic Forces

Analyze Written Evidence Fukuzawa Yukichi, "Escape from Asia"

Analyze Visual Evidence Japan’s First Skyscraper

Think Like a Historian English-Language Education for Indians

Compare Viewpoints Chinese and British Efforts to Reduce Infant Deaths

Individuals in Society José Rizal, Filipino Polymath and Revolutionary

The Americas in the Age of Liberalism

1810–1917

Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America • Mexico and the United States • Liberal Reform in Mexico • Brazil: A New World Monarchy

Slave Societies in the Americas • Independence and Abolition • Abolition in Cuba and Brazil

Latin America Re-enters the World Economy • The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico • The Mexican Revolution

Immigration to Latin America • Immigration to the United States • Immigration to Canada • Settler Colonialism and its Impacts

U.S. Intervention in Latin America • The Spanish-American War • The Panama Canal

Analyze Written Evidence Reyita Castillo Bueno on Slavery and Freedom in Cuba

Analyze Visual Evidence Slaves Sold South from Richmond, 1853

Think Like a Historian The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, from Above and Below

Compare Viewpoints Perspectives on the Mexican-American War

Individuals in Society Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator

World War and Revolution

1914–1929

Origins and Causes of the Great War • The Outbreak of War • Stalemate and Slaughter • The War Becomes Global

Mobilizing for Total War • The Social Impact of War • Growing Political Tensions

The Fall of Imperial Russia • The Provisional Government • Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Dictatorship and Civil War

The End of the War • The Paris Peace Treaties • American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

Germany and the Western Powers • Hope in Foreign Affairs • Hope in Democratic Government

Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion • The New Physics • Freudian Psychology • Twentieth-Century Literature • Modern Architecture, Art, and Music • Movies and Radio

Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of War

Analyze Visual Evidence "Never Forget!"

Think Like a Historian Russian Views of War and Revolution

Compare Viewpoints British and Canadian Poetry of the Great War

Individuals in Society Vera Brittain, Author, Feminist, Pacifist

Nationalism in Asia

1914–1939

Asian Reaction to the War in Europe • The Mandates System • Nationalism’s Appeal

The Arab Revolt • The Turkish Revolution • Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan • Gradual Independence in the Arab States • Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

British Promises and Repression • The Roots of Militant Nonviolence • Gandhi’s Resistance Campaign in India

The Rise of Nationalist China • China’s Intellectual Revolution • From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan • Japan Against China • Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

Analyze Written Evidence Resolution of the General Syrian Congress at Damascus

Analyze Visual Evidence The Fate of a Chinese Patriot

Think Like a Historian Interpreting the May Fourth Movement

Compare Viewpoints Gandhi and Mao on Revolutionary Means

Individuals in Society Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman

The Great Depression and World War II

1929–1945

The Economic Crisis • Mass Unemployment • The New Deal in the United States • The European Response to the Depression • Worldwide Effects

Conservative Authoritarianism • Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

From Lenin to Stalin • The Five-Year Plans • Life and Culture in Soviet Society • Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

The Seizure of Power • The Regime in Action

The Roots of Nazism • Hitler’s Road to Power • The Nazi State and Society • Hitler’s Popularity • Aggression and Appeasement, 1933–1939

Hitler’s Empire in Europe, 1939–1942 • The Holocaust • Japan’s Asian Empire • The Grand Alliance • The War in Europe, 1942–1945 • The War in the Pacific, 1942–1945

Analyze Written Evidence Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students

Analyze Visual Evidence British Conservative Party Poster

Think Like a Historian Peasant Resistance to Stalin’s Collectivization Plan

Compare Viewpoints Socialism and the Working Class

Individuals in Society Primo Levi, Writer and Holocaust Survivor

Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War

1945–1968

The Cold War • The United Nations • The Politics of Liberation • Dependency and Development Theories • Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience

Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh • Arab Socialism in the Middle East • The Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Communist Victory in China • Conflict in Korea • Japan’s American Reconstruction • The Vietnam War

The Growth of African Nationalism • Ghana Shows the Way • Countries Emerging from French Rule

Economic Nationalism in Mexico • Populism in Argentina and Brazil • Communist Revolution in Cuba

The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin • Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States • The World in 1968

Analyze Written Evidence C. L. R. James on Pan-African Liberation

Analyze Visual Evidence Poster Art in Communist China

Think Like a Historian Global Perspectives on the Vietnam War

Compare Viewpoints U.S. and Latin American Views on Development

Individuals in Society Nawal El Saadawi, Public Health Advocate in Egypt

Liberalization and Liberation

1968–2000s

The OPEC Oil Embargo • Mexico Under the PRI • Nigeria, Africa’s Giant • The Camp David Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Civil Wars in Central America • Boom and Bust in Chile • The Dirty War in Argentina • Development and Dictatorship in Brazil

Gay Liberation • Second-Wave and Third World Feminism • Pan-Africanism, Black Power and the African Diaspora

Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia • South Africa Under Apartheid • Political Change in Africa Since 1990

Japan’s Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the "Asian Tigers" • China’s Economic Resurgence • Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan

The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Recasting Russia Without Communism • Integration and Reform in Europe

Analyze Written Evidence A Member of China’s Red Guards on Democratic Reform

Analyze Visual Evidence Tiananmen Square

Think Like a Historian The Struggle for Freedom in South Africa

Compare Viewpoints Women’s Rights as Human Rights in Iran and the United States

Individuals in Society Anani Dzidzienvo, Scholar of the African Diaspora

The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan • Conflict and Change in the Middle East • Right Wing Nationalism Re-emerges

Migration • Urbanization • Multinational Corporations

Children: The Right to Childhood • Women’s Right to Equality • LGBTQ Challenges • Environmentalism

Causes of Global Warming and Responses to It • Historical Experiences with Climate and Environmental Change • Automobility • Global Energy Reliance • Intensified Agriculture and the Green Revolution • Impacts of Climate Change

Analyze Written Evidence A Brazilian Band on Globalization

Analyze Visual Evidence A Generational Movement on Climate

Think Like a Historian The Relationships Between People and Epidemics

Compare Viewpoints Women Activists in Chiapas, Mexico

Authors

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks(Ph.D., University of Wisconsin–Madison) is Distinguished Professor of History, emerita, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. She is the long-time Senior Editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than thirty books, including A Concise History of the World. From 2017 to 2019 she served as the president of the World History Association.

Patricia Buckley Ebrey

Patricia B. Ebrey​ (Ph.D., Columbia University) is professor of history at the University of Washington in Seattle. Editor of the Journal of Chinese History, she is the author or editor of some twenty books, including The Cambridge Illustrated History of China and Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, as well as more specialized books on Song dynasty China. In 2014 she was awarded the American Historical Association’s Award for Scholarly Distinction and in 2020 the Association for Asian Studies Award for Outstanding Contributions to Asian Studies.

Roger B. Beck

Roger B. Beck (Ph.D., Indiana University) is Distinguished Professor of African and twentieth-century world history at Eastern Illinois University. His publications include The History of South Africa; a translation of P. J. van der Merwe’s The Migrant Farmer in the History of the Cape Colony, 1657–1842; and more than a hundred articles, book chapters, and reviews. In 2018 he received the Pioneer in World History award from the World History Association, its highest honor.

Jerry Davila

Jerry Dávila ​(Ph.D., Brown University) is Jorge Paulo Lemann Chair of Brazilian History and directs the Global Institute at the University of Illinois. He is the author of Dictatorship in South America; Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the Challenge of African Decolonization, winner of the Latin Studies Association Brazil Section Book Prize; and Diploma of  Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945. He has served as president of the Conference on Latin American History.

Clare Haru Crowston

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) is Professor of history at the University of Illinois. She is the author of Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France and Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women’s History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies.

John P. McKay

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.

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