Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 1
Fifth Edition ©2022 Robert Strayer; Eric Nelson Formats: Achieve, E-book, Print
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Authors
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Robert W. Strayer
Robert W. Strayer (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin) brings wide experience in world history to the writing of Ways of the World. His teaching career began in Ethiopia where he taught high school world history for two years as part of the Peace Corps. At the university level, he taught African, Soviet, and world history for many years at the State University of New York-College at Brockport, where he received Chancellors Awards for Excellence in Teaching and for Excellence in Scholarship. In 1998 he was visiting professor of world and Soviet history at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since moving to California in 2002, he has taught world history at the University of California, Santa Cruz; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Cabrillo College. He is a long-time member of the World History Association and served on its Executive Committee. He has also participated in various AP® World History gatherings, including two years as a reader. His publications include Kenya: Focus on Nationalism, The Making of Mission Communities in East Africa, The Making of the Modern World, Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?, and The Communist Experiment.
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Eric W. Nelson
Eric W. Nelson (D.Phil., Oxford University) is a professor of history at Missouri State University. He is an experienced teacher who has won a number of awards, including the Governor’s Award for Teaching Excellence in 2011 and the CASE and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Professor of the Year Award for Missouri in 2012. He is currently Faculty Fellow for Engaged Learning, developing new ways to integrate in-class and online teaching environments. His publications include The Legacy of Iconoclasm: Religious War and the Relic Landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, and The Jesuits and the Monarchy: Catholic Reform and Political Authority in France.
Table of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.
NOTE: Achieve for Ways of the World 5e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Working with Primary Sources
Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History
PART 1 First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 b.c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE Turning Points in Early World History
The Emergence of Humankind
The Globalization of Humankind
The Revolution of Farming and Herding
The Turning Point of Civilization
Time and World History
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (to ca. 600 b.c.e.)
1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, to 3500 B.C.E.
Out of Africa: First Migrations
Into Eurasia
Into Australia
Into the Americas
Into the Pacific
Paleolithic Lifeways
The First Human Societies
Economy and the Environment
The Realm of the Spirit
Settling Down: The Great Transition
Breakthroughs to Agriculture
Common Patterns
Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture
Triumph and Resistance
The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Chiefdoms
Conclusions and Reflections: History before Civilization
Revisiting Chapter 1
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 1
CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Timescales of History
ZOOMING IN: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Australian Dreamtime
Source 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.2 The Rainbow Serpent: The Rainbow Serpent Awakens, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.3 Explaining the World in Aboriginal Rock Art: Namondjok and the Lightning Man
Source 1.4 Understanding the Significance of Animals: The Platypus, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.5 Hunting in Aboriginal Rock Art: Aboriginal Hunters
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Australian Aboriginal Culture
Voice 1.1 Dale Kerwin on the Economic and Social Life of Aboriginal Australians, from Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, 2012
Voice 1.2 Barbara West on Aboriginal Dreamtime Cosmology, from A Brief History of Australia, 2010
2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
Introducing the First Civilizations
The Question of Origins
An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality
Hierarchies of Class
Hierarchies of Gender
Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State
Coercion and Consent
Writing and Accounting
The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
Environment and Culture
Cities and States
Interaction and Exchange
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering "Civilization"
Revisiting Chapter 2
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 2
ZOOMING IN: Caral, a City of Norte Chico
THEN AND NOW: Patriarchy
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Indus Valley Civilization
Source 2.1 Cityscape of Mohenjo Daro: Wall Painting of Mohenjo Daro Reconstruction, 20th century
Source 2.2 A Seal from the Indus Valley: A Humped Cattle Seal from Mohenjo Daro, 19th century b.c.e.
Source 2.3 Man from Mohenjo Daro: Statue of an Elite Man, 3rd millennium b.c.e.
Source 2.4 Cart and Oxen from Monhenjo Daro: Stone Model of a Cart Pulled by Two Oxen, ca. 2400 b.c.e.
Source 2.5 Dancing Girl: An Indus Valley Girl, ca. 2500 b.c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The State . . . or Its Absence . . . in the Indus Valley
Voice 2.1 Gregory Possehl on Indus Valley Civilization in Context, from The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, 2002
Voice 2.2 Jonathan Kenoyer on Political Life in the Indus Valley, from Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, 1998
PART 2 Continuity and Change in the Second-Wave Era, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE The Globalization of Civilization
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.)
3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
The Persian Empire
The Greeks
Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
Rome: From City-State to Empire
China: From Warring States to Empire
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
Conclusions and Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires
Revisiting Chapter 3
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 3
ZOOMING IN: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World
Source 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia: Herodotus, The Histories, mid-5th century b.c.e.
Source 3.2 A Greek Goldsmith Depicts the Scythians: Scythian Cup, Crimea, 4th century b.c.e.
Source 3.3 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, 1st century c.e.
Source 3.4 A Roman Depiction of Sarmatians: Scene from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 107–113 c.e.
Source 3.5 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 b.c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Sources on Foreign Cultures
Voice 3.1 Stephen Gosch and Peter Stearns on Travelers’ Accounts as Historical Sources, from Premodern Travel in World History, 2008
Voice 3.2 Jerry Bentley on the Idea of "Barbarian," from Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times, 1993
4. CULTURE AND RELIGION IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
China and the Search for Order
The Legalist Answer
The Confucian Answer
The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India
South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
The Buddhist Challenge
Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order
The Greek Way of Knowing
The Greek Legacy
The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons
The Lives of the Founders
The Spread of New Religions
Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
Conclusions and Reflections: Religion and Historians
Revisiting Chapter 4
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 4
ZOOMING IN: Perpetua, Christian Martyr
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Religion and the Axial Age
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Representations of the Buddha
Source 4.1 A Greco-Indian Buddha: The Temptation of the Buddha, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.
Source 4.2 A Classical Indian Buddha: An Indian Buddha, 6th century c.e.
Source 4.3 The Reputation of the Buddha in Ancient Buddhist Stories: The Greater Discourse to Sakuludayin, ca. 1st century b.c.e.
Source 4.4 A Korean Bodhisattva of Compassion: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms
Source 4.5 The Buddha and the Outcast: Sunita the Outcaste
Source 4.6 A Chinese Buddha: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha, 10th to 14th century c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On the Buddha
Voice 4.1 John Strong on the Context of the Buddha’s Life, from The Buddha: A Short Biography, 2001
Voice 4.2 Karen Armstrong on the Buddha and Biography, from Buddha, 2001
5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Society and the State in China
An Elite of Officials
The Landlord Class
Peasants
Merchants
Class and Caste in India
Caste as Varna
Caste as Jati
The Functions of Caste
Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
Slavery and Civilization
The Making of Roman Slavery
Comparing Patriarchies
A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Inequality
Revisiting Chapter 5
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 5
ZOOMING IN: The Spartacus Slave Revolt
THEN AND NOW: Slavery
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Source 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife: An Elite Couple of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet: A Dinner with Friends, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.3 From a Pompeii Tavern: An Evening Out at a Pompeii Bar, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.4 The Graffiti and Inscriptions of Pompeii: The Grafitti of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.5 Household Religion in Pompeii: A Household Shrine from Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.6 Mystery Religion in Pompeii: An Initiation Ritual, 1st century c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Pompeii
Voice 5.1 Mary Beard on the Artifacts of Pompeii, from "Pompeii Exhibition," 2017
Voice 5.2 Andrew Wilson and Miko Flohr on the Economy of Pompeii, from The Economy of Pompeii, 2017
6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA, 600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.
Continental Comparisons
Civilizations of Africa
Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
Civilizations of Mesoamerica
The Maya: Writing and Warfare
Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes
Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
Alternatives to Civilization
Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation
North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders
Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea
Conclusions and Reflections: One History...or Many?
Revisiting Chapter 6
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 6
ZOOMING IN: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Axum and the World
Source 6.1 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.
Source 6.2 The Columns of Axum: An Axumite Monument, late 3rd or early 4th century c.e
Source 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, late 4th century c.e.
Source 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Gold Trade of Axum, 6th century c.e.
Source 6.5 Axum Gold Coin: A "Christian Coin" from Axum
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian Axum
Voice 6.1 Erik Gilbert and Jonathan Reynolds on the Transregional Nature of Early Christianity, from African World History, 2004
Voice 6.2 Christopher Ehret on the Role of Trade in the Coming of Christianity to Axum, from The Civilizations of Africa, 2002
PART 3 Civilizations and Encounters during the Third-Wave Era, 600–1450
THE BIG PICTURE Patterns and Processes of the Third-Wave Era
Third-Wave Civilizations
The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600–1450)
7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 600–1450
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
The Growth of the Silk Roads
Goods in Transit
Cultures in Transit
Diseases in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara
Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere
Conclusions and Reflections: Globalization — Ancient and Modern
Revisiting Chapter 4
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 7
ZOOMING IN: The Arabian Camel
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Travelers’ Tales and Observations
Source 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, 7th century c.e.
Source 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299
Source 7.3 A European Artist Depicts Asia: The Marvelous Races of the East, ca. 1410
Source 7.4 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526
Source 7.5 A Korean World Map: The Honkōji Copy of the Kangnido Map, Korea, 15th century
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Travel Writers
Voice 7.1 John Larner on Whether Polo Really Traveled to China, from Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, 1999
Voice 7.2 Natalie Zemon Davis on Leo Africanus’s Audiences, from Trickster Travels: A Sixteenth-Century Muslim between Worlds, 2006
8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1300
Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China
A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement
Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making
The Tribute System in Theory
The Tribute System in Practice
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Interacting with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Korea and China
Vietnam and China
Japan and China
China and the Eurasian World Economy
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism
Making Buddhism Chinese
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Change in China
Revisiting Chapter 8
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 8
ZOOMING IN: Gunpowder
THEN AND NOW: China and the World
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Society during China’s Golden Age
Source 8.1 Becoming a Scholar-Official
Po Chu-I, After Passing the Examination, ca. 800
Po Chu-I, Escorting Candidates to the Examination Hall, 805
Source 8.2 Scholar-Officials and the Emperor: Scholars Gathering in a Bamboo Garden, 12th century
Source 8.3 Life in the Fields
Po Chu-I, Watching the Reapers, 806
Du Fu, A Song of War Chariots, 8th century
Source 8.4 City Life in Art: Zhang Zeduan, Along the River during the Qingming Festival, 12th century
Source 8.5 Family and Society: Yan Zhitui, Family Instructions, 6th century
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Economy and Society in Golden Age China
Voice 8.1 Morris Rossabi on the Place of Merchants in Chinese Society from A History of China, 2014
Voice 8.2 Valerie Hansen on the Social Implications of the Commercializing Economy from The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World - and Globalization Began, 2020
9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1450
The Birth of a New Religion
The Homeland of Islam
The Messenger and the Message
The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Muslim Empire
War, Conquest, and Tolerance
Conversion
Divisions and Controversies
Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
The Case of India
The Case of Anatolia
The Case of West Africa
The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization
Networks of Faith
Networks of Exchange
Conclusions and Reflections: The Islamic World and the Uses of History
Revisiting Chapter 9
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 9
ZOOMING IN: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE : Cultural Encounters in Muslim Spain
Source 9.1 Conquest
Anonymous Christian Chronicle, 754
The Peace Treaty of Tudmïr, 713
Source 9.2 Islam in the Urban Landscape: Prayer Hall, the Great Mosque of Cordoba, ca. 800
Source 9.3 Arabic Culture and the Christian Community: Paul Alvarus, On Christian Youths, 9th century
Source 9.4 Regulating Interfaith Interactions: Ibn ‘Abdūn, Handbook for Market Inspectors, early 12th century
Source 9.5 Depicting Social Interactions between Muslims and Christians: Playing Chess, 1283
Source 9.6 The Expulsion of Muslims from Christian Spain: Queen Isabella, Royal Edict of Expulsion, 1502
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Religious Tolerance in Muslim Spain
Voice 9.1 Bernard Lewis on "Second-Class Citizenship," From The Jews of Islam, 1984
Voice 9.2 David Levering Lewis on Religious Tolerance in Ninth Century Spain, 2008
10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 600–1450
Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
Asian Christianity
African Christianity
Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
The Byzantine State
The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
Byzantium and the World
The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
Political Life in Western Europe
Society and the Church
Accelerating Change in the West
Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective
Catching Up
Pluralism in Politics
Reason and Faith
Conclusions and Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting
Revisiting Chapter 10
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 10
ZOOMING IN: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Remaking of Western Europe
Source 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, late 6th Century
Source 10.2 Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601
Source 10.3 Pagan Art and Christian Texts: Lindisfarne Gospel, 698–721
Source 10.4 Germanic Law: Burgundian Code, ca. 474 c.e.
Source 10.5 Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel: Aachen Palace Chapel, completed 805 c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Rome
Voice 10.1 Blockmans and Hoppenbrouwers on the End of Roman Civilization, from Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500, 2014
Voice 10.2 Cunliffe on Charlemagne, from Europe between the Oceans, 9000 BC–AD 1000, 2008
11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1450
The Long History of Pastoral Peoples
The World of Pastoral Societies
Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
Breakout: The Mongol Empire
From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols in China, Persia, and Russia
China and the Mongols
Persia and the Mongols
Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
Toward a World Economy
Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
Conclusions and Reflections: Historians, Bias, and the Mongols
Revisiting Chapter 11
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 11
ZOOMING IN: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Empires
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of the Mongols
Source 11.1 The Self-Perception of Mongol Rulers
Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219
The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240
Source 11.2 Picturing Khubilai Khan
Liu Guandao, Khubilai on a Hunt, 1280
Marco Polo and Khubilai Khan, 15th century
Khubilai Khan in Council with His Courtiers and Scribes, 1590
Source 11.3 A Persian View of the Conquest of Bukhara: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 1219
Source 11.4 A European View of Mongol Life: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Mongol Impact
Voice 11.1 Jack Weatherford on the Mongols in World History, from Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, 2004
Voice 11.2 Paul S. Ropp on the Mongol Impact on China’s Economy, from China in World History, 2010
12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Societies and Cultures of the Fifteenth Century
Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
Ming Dynasty China
European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
The Aztec Empire
The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection
After 1500: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era
Conclusions and Reflections: Perspectives on Turning Points
Revisiting Chapter 12
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 12
ZOOMING IN: 1453 in Constantinople
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Source 12.1 Portrait of Mehmed II: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II, ca. 1479
Source 12.2 Machiavelli on the Turkish State: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513
Source 12.3 Venetian Trade in the Middle East: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus, 1511
Source 12.4 Greek and Islamic Philosophers in Renaissance Art: Girolamo de Cremona, Aristotle and Averroes, 1483
Source 12.5 A Papal Call for Crusade: Pope Clement VI, Call for Crusade, September 30, 1343
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian/Muslim Relations during the Renaissance
Voice 12.1 Jerry Brotton on the Role of Cross-cultural Exchange in the European Renaissance, from The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, 2002
Voice 12.2 Bernard Lewis on Hostility between Christians and Muslims, from Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery, 1995
PART 4 The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
THE BIG PICTURE Toward Modernity . . . or Not?
Sprouts of Modernity?
Continuing Older Patterns?
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1450–1750)
Glossary
Product Updates
More robust options for building historical thinking skills and measuring progress toward learning outcomes.
- Achieve, Macmillan Learning’s innovative new learning platform, pairs creative new teaching and assessment options with powerful insights into student work, so instructors can do more. Achieve comes loaded with the full-color e-book, the companion source reader, and abundant formative and summative assessments which are all tagged to learning objectives that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Drawing on principles of instructional design and popular assignments, Achieve provides customizable pre-built course options and resource filters that help instructors set up their courses with ease, and these courses can be integrated with all major LMS systems. Assignments and activities in Achieve include:
- LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, which is designed to get students to read the text before class;
- reflection activities that invite students to reflect on what they have read in each chapter;
- instructor activity guides that instructors can use in class for either remote or in-person collaborative learning;
- source and feature quizzes;
- research and writing tutorials;
- map quizzes; and
- Building a Historical Argument activities, which enable students to hone their skills in constructing a thesis, identifying evidence to sustain historical arguments, and writing conclusions.
- Robust reports in Achieve give instructors multi-level insights into student progress toward meeting learning objectives as well as how they have progressed on assignments so instructors can give students support where they need it most. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
- New primary and secondary sources give fresh options for helping students hone their historical comprehension, empathy, analysis, and interpretation skills. In Chapter 8, the new Working with Evidence feature, "Society during China’s Golden Age," explores the complex social world in Tang and Song China. Likewise, a new "Cultural Encounters in Muslim Spain" feature in Chapter 9 explores the long period of cultural interaction between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Spain from the eighth century to the sixteenth century. And Chapter 14’s new primary source feature, "Consumption and Culture in the Early Modern World," examines the cultural implications of consumption during the several centuries after 1500, using clothing, tea, porcelain, and coffee as examples. Finally, the new Working with Evidence feature entitled "The Socialist Vision and Its Enemies" in Chapter 17 incorporates documents that illustrate some of the ways that socialism was expressed and contested as it took root in modern Europe. Three new Historians’ Voices illustrate diverse views on China’s economy (Chapter 8), on religious tolerance in Muslim Spain (Chapter 9), and on consumer culture in the early modern world (Chapter 14).
- Thoroughly revised questions accompanying the narrative further students’ critical thinking about history. These questions ask students to actively describe and compare historical developments, contrast civilizations, connect regions and ideas, assess patterns of continuity and change, and more. The most essential of these questions, labeled "Core Ideas," are presented again in the concluding chapter review in the "Revisiting Core Ideas" section.
New "Then and Now" features promote the skill of connecting with the past. Offered once in each part of the book, these essays examine a particular theme in both historical and contemporary settings. Themes include patriarchy, slavery, science, China’s role on the global stage, and more. The skill of connecting with the past is reinforced at the beginning of each chapter through updated vignettes called Connecting Past and Present that illustrate the continuing relevance of the chapter’s material in today’s world.
Narrative updates incorporate the latest scholarship on early humans, environment and disease, the spread of Islam in the Indian Ocean World, and modern science. Updates include:
- Chapter 1: Revised coverage reflecting new dating for the first emergence of Homo sapiens, new evidence of early failed migrations out of Africa and interactions with other hominid species, new thinking on migration into the Americas, new discoveries of cave paintings in Indonesia and bone flutes in Germany, updated coverage of the practice of slavery among gatherers and hunters in Alaska, new evidence of the fragility of many early agricultural communities, and updated population estimates for the Neolithic period.
- Chapter 2: Updated coverage of First Civilizations incorporating new archeological evidence of early trade patterns and recent revisions in the dating of the Indus Valley, Chinese, Oxus, and Nubian civilizations.
- Part 2 opening: New exploration of the reasons for the collapse of First Civilizations, with special emphasis on climate change, environmental degradation, and migrations.
- Chapter 7: Revised discussion of the arrival of Islam in Southeast Asia with expanded coverage of Melaka.
- Chapter 9: New section on Islam’s spread in southern India, especially in the Hindu Vijayanagar empire.
- Chapter 11: Expanded analysis of the long-term impact of the plague on European society, especially the shift toward laborsaving technologies and the revival of slavery in Europe.
- Chapter 13: Updated account of the Little Ice Age.
- Chapter 15: Updated coverage on earlier Chinese and Islamic influences on European science and how the vast flow of knowledge from across the globe impacted the Scientific Revolution in Europe.
- Chapter 17: New exploration of the links between the Industrial Revolution and our current climate crisis.
- Chapter 22: New coverage of how twentieth-century scientific profoundly changed our understanding of the cosmos, impacted contemporary culture, and laid the groundwork for technological innovations that have transformed modern life.
- Chapter 23: New discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of other modern pandemics.
Authors
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Robert W. Strayer
Robert W. Strayer (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin) brings wide experience in world history to the writing of Ways of the World. His teaching career began in Ethiopia where he taught high school world history for two years as part of the Peace Corps. At the university level, he taught African, Soviet, and world history for many years at the State University of New York-College at Brockport, where he received Chancellors Awards for Excellence in Teaching and for Excellence in Scholarship. In 1998 he was visiting professor of world and Soviet history at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since moving to California in 2002, he has taught world history at the University of California, Santa Cruz; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Cabrillo College. He is a long-time member of the World History Association and served on its Executive Committee. He has also participated in various AP® World History gatherings, including two years as a reader. His publications include Kenya: Focus on Nationalism, The Making of Mission Communities in East Africa, The Making of the Modern World, Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?, and The Communist Experiment.
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Eric W. Nelson
Eric W. Nelson (D.Phil., Oxford University) is a professor of history at Missouri State University. He is an experienced teacher who has won a number of awards, including the Governor’s Award for Teaching Excellence in 2011 and the CASE and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Professor of the Year Award for Missouri in 2012. He is currently Faculty Fellow for Engaged Learning, developing new ways to integrate in-class and online teaching environments. His publications include The Legacy of Iconoclasm: Religious War and the Relic Landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, and The Jesuits and the Monarchy: Catholic Reform and Political Authority in France.
Table of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.
NOTE: Achieve for Ways of the World 5e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Working with Primary Sources
Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History
PART 1 First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 b.c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE Turning Points in Early World History
The Emergence of Humankind
The Globalization of Humankind
The Revolution of Farming and Herding
The Turning Point of Civilization
Time and World History
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (to ca. 600 b.c.e.)
1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, to 3500 B.C.E.
Out of Africa: First Migrations
Into Eurasia
Into Australia
Into the Americas
Into the Pacific
Paleolithic Lifeways
The First Human Societies
Economy and the Environment
The Realm of the Spirit
Settling Down: The Great Transition
Breakthroughs to Agriculture
Common Patterns
Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture
Triumph and Resistance
The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Chiefdoms
Conclusions and Reflections: History before Civilization
Revisiting Chapter 1
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 1
CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Timescales of History
ZOOMING IN: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Australian Dreamtime
Source 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.2 The Rainbow Serpent: The Rainbow Serpent Awakens, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.3 Explaining the World in Aboriginal Rock Art: Namondjok and the Lightning Man
Source 1.4 Understanding the Significance of Animals: The Platypus, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Source 1.5 Hunting in Aboriginal Rock Art: Aboriginal Hunters
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Australian Aboriginal Culture
Voice 1.1 Dale Kerwin on the Economic and Social Life of Aboriginal Australians, from Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, 2012
Voice 1.2 Barbara West on Aboriginal Dreamtime Cosmology, from A Brief History of Australia, 2010
2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
Introducing the First Civilizations
The Question of Origins
An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality
Hierarchies of Class
Hierarchies of Gender
Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State
Coercion and Consent
Writing and Accounting
The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
Environment and Culture
Cities and States
Interaction and Exchange
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering "Civilization"
Revisiting Chapter 2
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 2
ZOOMING IN: Caral, a City of Norte Chico
THEN AND NOW: Patriarchy
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Indus Valley Civilization
Source 2.1 Cityscape of Mohenjo Daro: Wall Painting of Mohenjo Daro Reconstruction, 20th century
Source 2.2 A Seal from the Indus Valley: A Humped Cattle Seal from Mohenjo Daro, 19th century b.c.e.
Source 2.3 Man from Mohenjo Daro: Statue of an Elite Man, 3rd millennium b.c.e.
Source 2.4 Cart and Oxen from Monhenjo Daro: Stone Model of a Cart Pulled by Two Oxen, ca. 2400 b.c.e.
Source 2.5 Dancing Girl: An Indus Valley Girl, ca. 2500 b.c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The State . . . or Its Absence . . . in the Indus Valley
Voice 2.1 Gregory Possehl on Indus Valley Civilization in Context, from The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, 2002
Voice 2.2 Jonathan Kenoyer on Political Life in the Indus Valley, from Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, 1998
PART 2 Continuity and Change in the Second-Wave Era, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE The Globalization of Civilization
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.)
3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
The Persian Empire
The Greeks
Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
Rome: From City-State to Empire
China: From Warring States to Empire
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
Conclusions and Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires
Revisiting Chapter 3
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 3
ZOOMING IN: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World
Source 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia: Herodotus, The Histories, mid-5th century b.c.e.
Source 3.2 A Greek Goldsmith Depicts the Scythians: Scythian Cup, Crimea, 4th century b.c.e.
Source 3.3 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, 1st century c.e.
Source 3.4 A Roman Depiction of Sarmatians: Scene from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 107–113 c.e.
Source 3.5 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 b.c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Sources on Foreign Cultures
Voice 3.1 Stephen Gosch and Peter Stearns on Travelers’ Accounts as Historical Sources, from Premodern Travel in World History, 2008
Voice 3.2 Jerry Bentley on the Idea of "Barbarian," from Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times, 1993
4. CULTURE AND RELIGION IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
China and the Search for Order
The Legalist Answer
The Confucian Answer
The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India
South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
The Buddhist Challenge
Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order
The Greek Way of Knowing
The Greek Legacy
The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons
The Lives of the Founders
The Spread of New Religions
Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
Conclusions and Reflections: Religion and Historians
Revisiting Chapter 4
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 4
ZOOMING IN: Perpetua, Christian Martyr
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Religion and the Axial Age
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Representations of the Buddha
Source 4.1 A Greco-Indian Buddha: The Temptation of the Buddha, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.
Source 4.2 A Classical Indian Buddha: An Indian Buddha, 6th century c.e.
Source 4.3 The Reputation of the Buddha in Ancient Buddhist Stories: The Greater Discourse to Sakuludayin, ca. 1st century b.c.e.
Source 4.4 A Korean Bodhisattva of Compassion: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms
Source 4.5 The Buddha and the Outcast: Sunita the Outcaste
Source 4.6 A Chinese Buddha: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha, 10th to 14th century c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On the Buddha
Voice 4.1 John Strong on the Context of the Buddha’s Life, from The Buddha: A Short Biography, 2001
Voice 4.2 Karen Armstrong on the Buddha and Biography, from Buddha, 2001
5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Society and the State in China
An Elite of Officials
The Landlord Class
Peasants
Merchants
Class and Caste in India
Caste as Varna
Caste as Jati
The Functions of Caste
Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
Slavery and Civilization
The Making of Roman Slavery
Comparing Patriarchies
A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Inequality
Revisiting Chapter 5
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 5
ZOOMING IN: The Spartacus Slave Revolt
THEN AND NOW: Slavery
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Source 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife: An Elite Couple of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet: A Dinner with Friends, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.3 From a Pompeii Tavern: An Evening Out at a Pompeii Bar, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.4 The Graffiti and Inscriptions of Pompeii: The Grafitti of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.5 Household Religion in Pompeii: A Household Shrine from Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Source 5.6 Mystery Religion in Pompeii: An Initiation Ritual, 1st century c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Pompeii
Voice 5.1 Mary Beard on the Artifacts of Pompeii, from "Pompeii Exhibition," 2017
Voice 5.2 Andrew Wilson and Miko Flohr on the Economy of Pompeii, from The Economy of Pompeii, 2017
6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA, 600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.
Continental Comparisons
Civilizations of Africa
Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
Civilizations of Mesoamerica
The Maya: Writing and Warfare
Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes
Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
Alternatives to Civilization
Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation
North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders
Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea
Conclusions and Reflections: One History...or Many?
Revisiting Chapter 6
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 6
ZOOMING IN: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Axum and the World
Source 6.1 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.
Source 6.2 The Columns of Axum: An Axumite Monument, late 3rd or early 4th century c.e
Source 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, late 4th century c.e.
Source 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Gold Trade of Axum, 6th century c.e.
Source 6.5 Axum Gold Coin: A "Christian Coin" from Axum
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian Axum
Voice 6.1 Erik Gilbert and Jonathan Reynolds on the Transregional Nature of Early Christianity, from African World History, 2004
Voice 6.2 Christopher Ehret on the Role of Trade in the Coming of Christianity to Axum, from The Civilizations of Africa, 2002
PART 3 Civilizations and Encounters during the Third-Wave Era, 600–1450
THE BIG PICTURE Patterns and Processes of the Third-Wave Era
Third-Wave Civilizations
The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600–1450)
7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 600–1450
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
The Growth of the Silk Roads
Goods in Transit
Cultures in Transit
Diseases in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara
Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere
Conclusions and Reflections: Globalization — Ancient and Modern
Revisiting Chapter 4
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 7
ZOOMING IN: The Arabian Camel
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Travelers’ Tales and Observations
Source 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, 7th century c.e.
Source 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299
Source 7.3 A European Artist Depicts Asia: The Marvelous Races of the East, ca. 1410
Source 7.4 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526
Source 7.5 A Korean World Map: The Honkōji Copy of the Kangnido Map, Korea, 15th century
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Travel Writers
Voice 7.1 John Larner on Whether Polo Really Traveled to China, from Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, 1999
Voice 7.2 Natalie Zemon Davis on Leo Africanus’s Audiences, from Trickster Travels: A Sixteenth-Century Muslim between Worlds, 2006
8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1300
Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China
A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement
Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making
The Tribute System in Theory
The Tribute System in Practice
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Interacting with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Korea and China
Vietnam and China
Japan and China
China and the Eurasian World Economy
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism
Making Buddhism Chinese
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Change in China
Revisiting Chapter 8
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 8
ZOOMING IN: Gunpowder
THEN AND NOW: China and the World
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Society during China’s Golden Age
Source 8.1 Becoming a Scholar-Official
Po Chu-I, After Passing the Examination, ca. 800
Po Chu-I, Escorting Candidates to the Examination Hall, 805
Source 8.2 Scholar-Officials and the Emperor: Scholars Gathering in a Bamboo Garden, 12th century
Source 8.3 Life in the Fields
Po Chu-I, Watching the Reapers, 806
Du Fu, A Song of War Chariots, 8th century
Source 8.4 City Life in Art: Zhang Zeduan, Along the River during the Qingming Festival, 12th century
Source 8.5 Family and Society: Yan Zhitui, Family Instructions, 6th century
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Economy and Society in Golden Age China
Voice 8.1 Morris Rossabi on the Place of Merchants in Chinese Society from A History of China, 2014
Voice 8.2 Valerie Hansen on the Social Implications of the Commercializing Economy from The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World - and Globalization Began, 2020
9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1450
The Birth of a New Religion
The Homeland of Islam
The Messenger and the Message
The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Muslim Empire
War, Conquest, and Tolerance
Conversion
Divisions and Controversies
Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
The Case of India
The Case of Anatolia
The Case of West Africa
The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization
Networks of Faith
Networks of Exchange
Conclusions and Reflections: The Islamic World and the Uses of History
Revisiting Chapter 9
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 9
ZOOMING IN: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE : Cultural Encounters in Muslim Spain
Source 9.1 Conquest
Anonymous Christian Chronicle, 754
The Peace Treaty of Tudmïr, 713
Source 9.2 Islam in the Urban Landscape: Prayer Hall, the Great Mosque of Cordoba, ca. 800
Source 9.3 Arabic Culture and the Christian Community: Paul Alvarus, On Christian Youths, 9th century
Source 9.4 Regulating Interfaith Interactions: Ibn ‘Abdūn, Handbook for Market Inspectors, early 12th century
Source 9.5 Depicting Social Interactions between Muslims and Christians: Playing Chess, 1283
Source 9.6 The Expulsion of Muslims from Christian Spain: Queen Isabella, Royal Edict of Expulsion, 1502
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Religious Tolerance in Muslim Spain
Voice 9.1 Bernard Lewis on "Second-Class Citizenship," From The Jews of Islam, 1984
Voice 9.2 David Levering Lewis on Religious Tolerance in Ninth Century Spain, 2008
10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 600–1450
Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
Asian Christianity
African Christianity
Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
The Byzantine State
The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
Byzantium and the World
The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
Political Life in Western Europe
Society and the Church
Accelerating Change in the West
Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective
Catching Up
Pluralism in Politics
Reason and Faith
Conclusions and Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting
Revisiting Chapter 10
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 10
ZOOMING IN: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Remaking of Western Europe
Source 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, late 6th Century
Source 10.2 Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601
Source 10.3 Pagan Art and Christian Texts: Lindisfarne Gospel, 698–721
Source 10.4 Germanic Law: Burgundian Code, ca. 474 c.e.
Source 10.5 Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel: Aachen Palace Chapel, completed 805 c.e.
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Rome
Voice 10.1 Blockmans and Hoppenbrouwers on the End of Roman Civilization, from Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500, 2014
Voice 10.2 Cunliffe on Charlemagne, from Europe between the Oceans, 9000 BC–AD 1000, 2008
11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1450
The Long History of Pastoral Peoples
The World of Pastoral Societies
Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
Breakout: The Mongol Empire
From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols in China, Persia, and Russia
China and the Mongols
Persia and the Mongols
Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
Toward a World Economy
Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
Conclusions and Reflections: Historians, Bias, and the Mongols
Revisiting Chapter 11
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 11
ZOOMING IN: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Empires
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of the Mongols
Source 11.1 The Self-Perception of Mongol Rulers
Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219
The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240
Source 11.2 Picturing Khubilai Khan
Liu Guandao, Khubilai on a Hunt, 1280
Marco Polo and Khubilai Khan, 15th century
Khubilai Khan in Council with His Courtiers and Scribes, 1590
Source 11.3 A Persian View of the Conquest of Bukhara: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 1219
Source 11.4 A European View of Mongol Life: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Mongol Impact
Voice 11.1 Jack Weatherford on the Mongols in World History, from Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, 2004
Voice 11.2 Paul S. Ropp on the Mongol Impact on China’s Economy, from China in World History, 2010
12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Societies and Cultures of the Fifteenth Century
Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
Ming Dynasty China
European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
The Aztec Empire
The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection
After 1500: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era
Conclusions and Reflections: Perspectives on Turning Points
Revisiting Chapter 12
Revisiting Specifics
Revisiting Core Ideas
A Wider View
Landmarks for Chapter 12
ZOOMING IN: 1453 in Constantinople
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Source 12.1 Portrait of Mehmed II: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II, ca. 1479
Source 12.2 Machiavelli on the Turkish State: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513
Source 12.3 Venetian Trade in the Middle East: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus, 1511
Source 12.4 Greek and Islamic Philosophers in Renaissance Art: Girolamo de Cremona, Aristotle and Averroes, 1483
Source 12.5 A Papal Call for Crusade: Pope Clement VI, Call for Crusade, September 30, 1343
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian/Muslim Relations during the Renaissance
Voice 12.1 Jerry Brotton on the Role of Cross-cultural Exchange in the European Renaissance, from The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, 2002
Voice 12.2 Bernard Lewis on Hostility between Christians and Muslims, from Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery, 1995
PART 4 The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
THE BIG PICTURE Toward Modernity . . . or Not?
Sprouts of Modernity?
Continuing Older Patterns?
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1450–1750)
Glossary
Product Updates
More robust options for building historical thinking skills and measuring progress toward learning outcomes.
- Achieve, Macmillan Learning’s innovative new learning platform, pairs creative new teaching and assessment options with powerful insights into student work, so instructors can do more. Achieve comes loaded with the full-color e-book, the companion source reader, and abundant formative and summative assessments which are all tagged to learning objectives that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Drawing on principles of instructional design and popular assignments, Achieve provides customizable pre-built course options and resource filters that help instructors set up their courses with ease, and these courses can be integrated with all major LMS systems. Assignments and activities in Achieve include:
- LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, which is designed to get students to read the text before class;
- reflection activities that invite students to reflect on what they have read in each chapter;
- instructor activity guides that instructors can use in class for either remote or in-person collaborative learning;
- source and feature quizzes;
- research and writing tutorials;
- map quizzes; and
- Building a Historical Argument activities, which enable students to hone their skills in constructing a thesis, identifying evidence to sustain historical arguments, and writing conclusions.
- Robust reports in Achieve give instructors multi-level insights into student progress toward meeting learning objectives as well as how they have progressed on assignments so instructors can give students support where they need it most. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.
- New primary and secondary sources give fresh options for helping students hone their historical comprehension, empathy, analysis, and interpretation skills. In Chapter 8, the new Working with Evidence feature, "Society during China’s Golden Age," explores the complex social world in Tang and Song China. Likewise, a new "Cultural Encounters in Muslim Spain" feature in Chapter 9 explores the long period of cultural interaction between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Spain from the eighth century to the sixteenth century. And Chapter 14’s new primary source feature, "Consumption and Culture in the Early Modern World," examines the cultural implications of consumption during the several centuries after 1500, using clothing, tea, porcelain, and coffee as examples. Finally, the new Working with Evidence feature entitled "The Socialist Vision and Its Enemies" in Chapter 17 incorporates documents that illustrate some of the ways that socialism was expressed and contested as it took root in modern Europe. Three new Historians’ Voices illustrate diverse views on China’s economy (Chapter 8), on religious tolerance in Muslim Spain (Chapter 9), and on consumer culture in the early modern world (Chapter 14).
- Thoroughly revised questions accompanying the narrative further students’ critical thinking about history. These questions ask students to actively describe and compare historical developments, contrast civilizations, connect regions and ideas, assess patterns of continuity and change, and more. The most essential of these questions, labeled "Core Ideas," are presented again in the concluding chapter review in the "Revisiting Core Ideas" section.
New "Then and Now" features promote the skill of connecting with the past. Offered once in each part of the book, these essays examine a particular theme in both historical and contemporary settings. Themes include patriarchy, slavery, science, China’s role on the global stage, and more. The skill of connecting with the past is reinforced at the beginning of each chapter through updated vignettes called Connecting Past and Present that illustrate the continuing relevance of the chapter’s material in today’s world.
Narrative updates incorporate the latest scholarship on early humans, environment and disease, the spread of Islam in the Indian Ocean World, and modern science. Updates include:
- Chapter 1: Revised coverage reflecting new dating for the first emergence of Homo sapiens, new evidence of early failed migrations out of Africa and interactions with other hominid species, new thinking on migration into the Americas, new discoveries of cave paintings in Indonesia and bone flutes in Germany, updated coverage of the practice of slavery among gatherers and hunters in Alaska, new evidence of the fragility of many early agricultural communities, and updated population estimates for the Neolithic period.
- Chapter 2: Updated coverage of First Civilizations incorporating new archeological evidence of early trade patterns and recent revisions in the dating of the Indus Valley, Chinese, Oxus, and Nubian civilizations.
- Part 2 opening: New exploration of the reasons for the collapse of First Civilizations, with special emphasis on climate change, environmental degradation, and migrations.
- Chapter 7: Revised discussion of the arrival of Islam in Southeast Asia with expanded coverage of Melaka.
- Chapter 9: New section on Islam’s spread in southern India, especially in the Hindu Vijayanagar empire.
- Chapter 11: Expanded analysis of the long-term impact of the plague on European society, especially the shift toward laborsaving technologies and the revival of slavery in Europe.
- Chapter 13: Updated account of the Little Ice Age.
- Chapter 15: Updated coverage on earlier Chinese and Islamic influences on European science and how the vast flow of knowledge from across the globe impacted the Scientific Revolution in Europe.
- Chapter 17: New exploration of the links between the Industrial Revolution and our current climate crisis.
- Chapter 22: New coverage of how twentieth-century scientific profoundly changed our understanding of the cosmos, impacted contemporary culture, and laid the groundwork for technological innovations that have transformed modern life.
- Chapter 23: New discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of other modern pandemics.
NOW WITH ACHIEVE—Engage every student with Macmillans affordable and easy-to-use digital option
A global narrative with built-in reader that explores broad patterns and nurtures skill development
Praised for its big picture synthesis that helps students discern patterns and variations on both global and regional levels, Ways of the World provides a brief-by-design narrative in a 2-in-1 textbook and reader format available in Achieve, Macmillan’s breakthrough complete course platform, and in print volumes. With a unique personal touch, the authors guide students to consider continuity and change over time as well as interrogate primary and secondary source evidence the way historians do. The new edition has been revised to further foster the development of historical thinking skills, with fresh formative and summative assessments only possible in Achieve. With a wealth of additional primary and secondary sources plus robust insight reports at the ready, Achieve offers the easiest way to engage students, help them build higher-level thinking skills, and tailor teaching to student needs, whether the course is taught online or in person. Achieve can be adopted on its own or in a package with the print book.
Success Stories
Here are a few examples of how Achieve has helped instructors like you improve student preparedness, enhance their sense of belonging, and achieve course goals they set for themselves.
Prof. Kiandra Johnson, Spelman College
See how the resources in Achieve help you engage students before, during, and after class.
Prof. Jennifer Duncan
Use diagnostics in Achieve for a snapshot into cognitive and non-cognitive factors that may impact your students’ preparedness.
Prof. Ryan Elsenpeter
Here’s why educators who use Achieve would recommend it to their peers.
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Guide to Changing Editions for Users of Ways of the World, 5e (.docx)
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FAQs
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Are you a campus bookstore looking for ordering information?
MPS Order Search Tool (MOST) is a web-based purchase order tracking program that allows customers to view and track their purchases. No registration or special codes needed! Just enter your BILL-TO ACCT # and your ZIP CODE to track orders.
Canadian Stores: Please use only the first five digits/letters in your zip code on MOST.
Visit MOST, our online ordering system for booksellers: https://tracking.mpsvirginia.com/Login.aspx
Learn more about our Bookstore programs here: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/contact-us/booksellers
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Our courses currently integrate with Canvas, Blackboard (Learn and Ultra), Brightspace, D2L, and Moodle. Click on the support documentation below to find out more details about the integration with each LMS.
Integrate Macmillan courses with Blackboard
Integrate Macmillan courses with Canvas
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If you’re a verified instructor, you can request a free sample of our courseware, e-book, or print textbook to consider for use in your courses. Only registered and verified instructors can receive free print and digital samples, and they should not be sold to bookstores or book resellers. If you don't yet have an existing account with Macmillan Learning, it can take up to two business days to verify your status as an instructor. You can request a free sample from the right side of this product page by clicking on the "Request Instructor Sample" button or by contacting your rep. Learn more.
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Sometimes also referred to as a spiral-bound or binder-ready textbook, loose-leaf textbooks are available to purchase. This three-hole punched, unbound version of the book costs less than a hardcover or paperback book.
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-
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Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
Most Achieve Essentials courses do not include our e-books and adaptive quizzing.
Visit our comparison table for details: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/digital/achieve/compare
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Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
Achieve Read & Practice only includes our e-book and adaptive quizzing, and does not include instructor resources and assignable assessments. Read & Practice does integrate with LMS.
Visit our comparison table for details: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/digital/achieve/compare
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We can help! Contact your representative to discuss your specific needs for your course. If our off-the-shelf course materials don’t quite hit the mark, we also offer custom solutions made to fit your needs.
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ISBN:9781319397821
Take notes, add highlights, and download our mobile-friendly e-books.
ISBN:9781319331115
Read and study old-school with our bound texts.
ISBN:9781319481780
This package includes Achieve and Paperback.
FAQs
-
-
Are you a campus bookstore looking for ordering information?
MPS Order Search Tool (MOST) is a web-based purchase order tracking program that allows customers to view and track their purchases. No registration or special codes needed! Just enter your BILL-TO ACCT # and your ZIP CODE to track orders.
Canadian Stores: Please use only the first five digits/letters in your zip code on MOST.
Visit MOST, our online ordering system for booksellers: https://tracking.mpsvirginia.com/Login.aspx
Learn more about our Bookstore programs here: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/contact-us/booksellers
-
-
-
Our courses currently integrate with Canvas, Blackboard (Learn and Ultra), Brightspace, D2L, and Moodle. Click on the support documentation below to find out more details about the integration with each LMS.
Integrate Macmillan courses with Blackboard
Integrate Macmillan courses with Canvas
-
-
-
If you’re a verified instructor, you can request a free sample of our courseware, e-book, or print textbook to consider for use in your courses. Only registered and verified instructors can receive free print and digital samples, and they should not be sold to bookstores or book resellers. If you don't yet have an existing account with Macmillan Learning, it can take up to two business days to verify your status as an instructor. You can request a free sample from the right side of this product page by clicking on the "Request Instructor Sample" button or by contacting your rep. Learn more.
-
-
-
Sometimes also referred to as a spiral-bound or binder-ready textbook, loose-leaf textbooks are available to purchase. This three-hole punched, unbound version of the book costs less than a hardcover or paperback book.
-
-
-
Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
Most Achieve Essentials courses do not include our e-books and adaptive quizzing.
Visit our comparison table for details: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/digital/achieve/compare
-
-
-
Achieve (full course) includes our complete e-book, as well as online quizzing tools, multimedia assets, and iClicker active classroom manager.
Achieve Read & Practice only includes our e-book and adaptive quizzing, and does not include instructor resources and assignable assessments. Read & Practice does integrate with LMS.
Visit our comparison table for details: https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/digital/achieve/compare
-
-
-
We can help! Contact your representative to discuss your specific needs for your course. If our off-the-shelf course materials don’t quite hit the mark, we also offer custom solutions made to fit your needs.
-
Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 1
A global narrative with built-in reader that explores broad patterns and nurtures skill development
Praised for its big picture synthesis that helps students discern patterns and variations on both global and regional levels, Ways of the World provides a brief-by-design narrative in a 2-in-1 textbook and reader format available in Achieve, Macmillan’s breakthrough complete course platform, and in print volumes. With a unique personal touch, the authors guide students to consider continuity and change over time as well as interrogate primary and secondary source evidence the way historians do. The new edition has been revised to further foster the development of historical thinking skills, with fresh formative and summative assessments only possible in Achieve. With a wealth of additional primary and secondary sources plus robust insight reports at the ready, Achieve offers the easiest way to engage students, help them build higher-level thinking skills, and tailor teaching to student needs, whether the course is taught online or in person. Achieve can be adopted on its own or in a package with the print book.
Sample Achieve