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husband and a former classmate from their years together at Yale University. Analyze the young women were buoyed up as though upon wall. Then there was a boom as Tom Buchanan 1
1
effect of the diction Fitzgerald uses in this scene, being sure to pay particular attention to an anchored balloon. They were both in white, shut the rear windows and the caught wind died
the connotations of the words he chooses. How do those choices set the scene? What do and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as out about the room, and the curtains and the CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING chapter 1
they reveal about the characters? if they had just been blown back in after a short rugs and the two young women ballooned
eview the types of figura-
ou may wish to r
Y
flight around the house. I must have stood for a slowly to the floor. You may wish to review the types of figura-
tive language with students, as well as the
few moments listening to the whip and snap of 1925 tive language with students, as well as the
examples provided in the text. You might
from The Great Gatsby the curtains and the groan of a picture on the examples pr ovided in the text. Y ou might
ask small groups to crowdsource a Padlet
ask small gr oups to cr owdsour ce a Padlet
F. Scott Fitzgerald or Jamboar d with additional examples
or Jamboard with additional examples
of similes and metaphors from their own
of similes and metaphors fr om their own
And so it happened that on a warm windy liked — and there were men at New Haven who Figurative Language
Analyzing Short Fiction
context, or they may wish to research addi-
evening I drove over to East Egg to see two had hated his guts. context, or they may wish to r esear ch addi-
tional similes and metaphors. Once they
old friends whom I scarcely knew at all. Their “Now, don’t think my opinion on these Language that is not literal is called figurative, as in a figure of speech. Sometimes tional similes and metaphors. Once they
have generated the list, you may wish to
house was even more elaborate than I expected, matters is final,” he seemed to say, “just because this kind of language is called metaphorical because it explains or expands on an idea Section 2 / Close Reading: Analyzing Literary Elements and Techniques have generated the list, you may wish to
select one simile and one metaphor to dis-
a cheerful red-and-white Georgian Colonial I’m stronger and more of a man than you are.” by comparing it to something else. Similes make such comparisons by using the words select one simile and one metaphor to dis-
cuss with the group. Ask, “How does the
mansion, overlooking the bay. The lawn started We were in the same senior society, and like, as, or than (e.g., love is like a rose; love is lighter than air), while metaphors directly cuss with the gr oup. Ask, “How does the
metaphor function? What does it do? What
at the beach and ran toward the front door for a while we were never intimate I always had the state that one thing is another (e.g., love is a battlefield). Personification is a figure of metaphor function? What does it do? What
effect is created?”
quarter of a mile, jumping over sun-dials and impression that he approved of me and wanted speech in which a concept, an object, or an animal is given human characteristics (e.g., ef fect is cr eated?”
brick walks and burning gardens — finally me to like him with some harsh, defiant wist- love is blind).
when it reached the house drifting up the side fulness of his own. Personification prevails in the passage from My Ántonia. The narrator describes
DIFFERENTIA
TION
in bright vines as though from the momentum We talked for a few minutes on the sunny 5 the grasshoppers “doing acrobatic feats” as though they are people, and hears the DIFFERENTIATION
of its run. The front was broken by a line of porch. wind “singing its humming tune” as the tall grasses “wave.” Taken together, all
Scaffolding
French windows, glowing now with reflected “I’ve got a nice place here,” he said, his eyes these examples from the natural world seem to the narrator like friendly companions, Scaffolding
Review the definition of personification with
gold and wide open to the warm windy flashing about restlessly. suggesting his comfort and perhaps even that he believes he is a part of their world. Review the definition of personification with
students. Then, ask students to individually
afternoon, and Tom Buchanan in riding clothes Turning me around by one arm, he moved a In the next sentence, when he “crumble[s]” the earth between his fingers, the line students. Then, ask students to individually
r
eview the
was standing with his legs apart on the front broad flat hand along the front vista, including between human and natural worlds blurs. review the Gatsby excerpt, noting examples
of personification thr
oughout. Using the
porch. in its sweep a sunken Italian garden, a half acre Keep in mind that good writers do not choose figurative language merely to of personification throughout. Using the My
Á
He had changed since his New Haven years. of deep, pungent roses, and a snub-nosed decorate their work. These choices are not icing on the cake, but instead work together Ántonia discussion of personification as a
Now he was a sturdy straw-haired man of thirty motor-boat that bumped the tide offshore. to convey something central to literature: a deeper meaning or a model, ask students to discuss the function model, ask students to discuss the function
of personification in the Gatsby excerpt.
®
with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious “It belonged to Demaine, the oil man.” He broader context, particularly when it comes to character and setting. AP TIP of personification in the
manner. Two shining arrogant eyes had esta - turned me around again, politely and abruptly. Like descriptive words in general, figurative language conveys a For more on figurative
blished dominance over his face and gave him “We’ll go inside.” unique perspective toward an event, a place, a character, an idea, language, see the Glossary/
the appearance of always leaning aggressively We walked through a high hallway into a and so forth. Glosario (p. 1340).
forward. Not even the effeminate swank of his bright rosy-colored space, fragilely bound into
riding clothes could hide the enormous power the house by French windows at either end. The Imagery
of that body — he seemed to fill those glistening windows were ajar and gleaming white against Imagery is also figurative language. Like similes and metaphors, imagery relies on
boots until he strained the top lacing, and you the fresh grass outside that seemed to grow a little © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.
could see a great pack of muscle shifting when way into the house. A breeze blew through the associations the reader might have. It is typically developed and sustained throughout a
his shoulder moved under his thin coat. It was a room, blew curtains in at one end and out the passage of prose, whereas metaphors and similes are often just a single phrase or
body capable of enormous leverage — a cruel other like pale flags, twisting them up toward sentence. Imagery creates a vivid mental picture or a physical sensation by appealing to
body. the frosted wedding-cake of the ceiling, and one or more of the five senses: that is, how something looks, feels, sounds, smells, or
His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, then rippled over the wine-colored rug, making tastes. In considering imagery, look carefully at how the sense impressions are created.
added to the impression of fractiousness he a shadow on it as wind does on the sea. Also pay attention to patterns of images that are repeated throughout a work. Often,
conveyed. There was a touch of paternal The only completely stationary object in the 10 writers use figurative language to make their descriptions even more vivid. In the Cather
contempt in it, even toward people he room was an enormous couch on which two passage, the narrator hears the wind and feels the warmth of the earth, but the keenest
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chapter 1 / Close Reading: Analyzing Literary Elements and Techniques 29

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