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novel without having a mind of your own, with-  But to continue my story. The Angel was
                                                    4
                                                         out expressing what you think to be the truth   dead; what then remained? You may say that
               CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING              Identity  about human relations, morality, sex. And all   what remained was a simple and common
                                                         these questions, according to the Angel of the   object — a young woman in a bedroom with an
               Why and how would “the Angel in the
               House” get in Woolf’s way? To help stu-   House, cannot be dealt with freely and openly   inkpot. In other words, now that she had rid her-
               dents better understand this concept, you   by women; they must charm, they must   self of falsehood, that young woman had only to
               could have students annotate or take notes     conciliate, they must — to put it bluntly — tell   be herself. Ah, but what is “herself”? I mean,
               on the characteristics of “the Angel” and   lies if they are to succeed. Thus, whenever I felt   what is a woman? I assure you, I do not know.
               the possible reasons these characteristics   the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her   I do not believe that you know. I do not believe
                Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs have been used for this sample chapter.
               could impede Woolf as a writer, and by    halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and   that anybody can know until she has expressed
               extension, women in other professions.    flung it at her. She died hard. Her fictitious   herself in all the arts and professions open to
               Also, you might be sure students under-   nature was of great assistance to her. It is far   human skill. That indeed is one of the reasons
               stand what it meant to “kill” the Angel, and   harder to kill a phantom than a reality. She was   why I have come here — out of respect for you,
               why the violent language is purposeful. Ask   always creeping back when I thought I had des-  who are in process of showing us by your experi-
               them to explain the meaning of the last two   patched her. Though I flatter myself that I killed   ments what a woman is, who are in process of
                   Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
               sentences of paragraph 3, in context.     her in the end, the struggle was severe; it took   providing us, by your failures and successes,
                                                         much time that had better have been spent   with that extremely important piece of
                                                         upon learning Greek grammar; or in roaming   information.
                                                         the world in search of adventures. But it was a   But to continue the story of my professional   5
               DIFFERENTIATION                           real experience; it was an experience that was   experiences. I made one pound ten and six by
               Speaking and Listening                    found to befall all women writers at that time.   my first review; and I bought a Persian cat with
                                                         Killing the Angel in the House was part of the   the proceeds. Then I grew ambitious. A Persian
               In paragraph 4, Woolf asks, “what is a    occupation of a woman writer.    cat is all very well, I said; but a Persian cat is not
               woman?” She then says she does not
               know. You could ask pairs of students to
               discuss the importance of this moment in
               the speech. You might ask them to trace     This color engraving by
               the use of pronouns in the paragraph, iden-  Franz Xaver Winterhalter
               tifying the antecedents and the purpose of   shows Queen Victoria with
               each comment (the use of “she” in “until    her husband, Prince Albert,
                                                           and five of their nine
               she has expressed herself” is especially    children. Victoria ruled the
               rich in meanings).                          British Empire from 1837 to
                                                           her death in 1876, then the
                                                           longest monarchy in British
                                                           history. Some say that
                                                           Victoria, known for her
                                                           strict moral standards,                                         STAPLETON COLLECTION/Victoria & Albert Museum, London, UK/Bridgeman Images
                                                           embodied the ideal of the
                                                           Angel in the House.
                                                           How does this work
                                                           portray Victoria as that
                                                           model? Are there any
                                                           ways in which this
                                                           depiction of her
                                                           challenges the idea of
                                                           the Angel in the House?

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                                                  BUILDING CONTEXT
                                                 In 2017, five years before her death, Queen
                                                 Elizabeth II surpassed her great-great-
                                                 grandmother Victoria’s mark for the
                                                 longest-reigning British monarch. You may
                                                 want to point out to students that the chil-
                                                 dren on the left side of this engraving are
                                                 the young Prince Albert and his brother the
                                                 Prince of Wales to emphasize how our ideas
                                                 of masculine clothing have changed. Unlike
                                                 other royal couples, Queen Victoria and
                                                 Prince Albert had a strong relationship. He
                                                 was a close and trusted advisor to her, and
                                                 she was devastated when he died at the age
                                                 of forty-two.






               196                                                                                     chapter 4  / Identity






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