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Get the Most from This Program

Your AP® Statistics adventure begins here! This program was created with YOU in mind. It is packed
Brief Contents
with features and resources to help you learn effectively and to do well on the AP® Statistics exam.
SECTION 1F Normal Distributions
119
180 UNIT 2 Exploring Two-Variable Data
OS 2.55 or later: In the dialog box, enter these values: lower: −1000, upper: −0.542, µ:0, σ:1, choose
Written to support your AP ® Statistics journey
© 2024 BFW Publishers PAGES NOT FINAL - For Review Purposes Only - Do Not Copy
Paste, and then press ENTER . Recycle and Review Practice what you learned in previous 34. Fruit fly thorax lengths (1F) Fruit flies are used
sections.
Older OS: Complete the command normalcdf(−1000, −0.542,0,1) and press ENTER . frequently in genetic research because of their short
Preface xxv
33. Big diamonds (1C) Here are the weights (in milli- reproductive cycle. The length of the thorax (in milli-
Note: We chose −1000 as the lower bound because it’s many, many standard deviations less than the mean. meters) for male fruit flies is approximately normally
1
UNIT 1 Exploring One-Variable Data
UNIT
grams) of 58 diamonds from a nodule carried up to
3
the earth’s surface in surrounding rock. These data
ii. Using the unstandardized normal distribution: What proportion PART I Data Analysis distributed with a mean of 0.80 mm and a standard
1
37
deviation of 0.08 mm.
of observations in a normal distribution with mean µ = represent a population of diamonds formed in a 87
PART II Modeling Distributions of Quantitative Data
6.84 and
NORMAL FLOAT AUTO REAL RADIAN MP
36
Collecting Data

standard deviation σ = 1.55 are less than 6? single event deep in the earth. (a) What proportion of male fruit flies have a thorax length
normalcdf( - 1000,6,6.84,1.!
UNIT 2 Exploring Two-Variable Data
141
0.2939314473
• Press 2nd VARS (Distr) and choose normalcdf(. 13.8 3.7 33.8 11.8 27.0 18.9 19.3 20.8 25.4 23.1 7.8 greater than 1 mm?
Your book matches the

10.9 9.0 9.0 14.4 6.5 7.3 5.6 18.5 1.1 11.2 7.0
OS 2.55 or later: In the dialog box, enter these values: lower: UNIT 3 Collecting Data (b) What is the 30th percentile for male fruit fly thorax
239
course both in organization
lengths?
7.6 9.0
−1000, upper: 6, µ: 6.84, σ: 1.55, choose Paste, and then press 9.5 7.7 7.6 3.2 6.5 5.4 7.2 7.8 3.5
and in scope. Units, parts,

Cumulative AP ® Practice Test 1 313

ENTER . and sections focus on 5.4 5.1 5.3 3.8 2.1 2.1 4.7 3.7 3.8 4.9 2.4 Introduction
Older OS: Complete the command normalcdf ( − UNIT 4 Probability, Random Variables, and 3A Introduction to Data
1.4 0.1 4.7 1.5 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.6 3.5 3.7 2.6
Collection

the concepts and skills
1000,6,6.84,1.55) and press ENTER . 4.0 2.3 4.5 Probability Distributions 317 3B Sampling and Surveys
that are central to the
Probability
PART I
®
AP STATISTICS COURSE. Make a histogram to display the distribution of weight. 317 3C Experiments
379
PART II Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Daily practice is built in to Describe the distribution. UNIT 3 Wrap-Up
support you at every step. UNIT 5 Sampling Distributions 451 FRAPPY!
8
UNIT 1 Exploring One-Variable Data
As the Tech Corner illustrates, it is possible to find the proportion of Gary,
Indiana, seventh-graders with ITBS vocabulary scores less than 6 directly from Review

Cumulative AP ® Practice Test 2 524

the original (unstandardized) normal distribution using technology. Check with Review Exercises
Summary
UNIT 6 Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
SECTION 1A
your teacher to see if this method will be allowed in your class. 529 AP® Statistics Practice Test

UNIT 3 Project
Inference for One Sample

529

SECTION 2C Linear Regression Models
PART I
PART II Inference for Two Samples
607
• Statistics is the science and art of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclu-

HOW TO FIND AREAS IN ANY NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 643 Cumulative
AP® Practice Test 1
sions from data.

UNIT 7 Inference for Quantitative Data: Means

• A data set contains information about a number of individuals. Individuals

Step 1: Draw a normal distribution with the horizontal axis labeled

Cumulative AP ® Practice Test 3 738
may be people, animals, or things. For each individual, the data give values
and scaled using the mean and standard deviation, the boundary value(s)
LEARNING TARGETS By the end of the section, you should be able to:
for one or more variables. A variable is a characteristic that can take different
UNIT 8 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
743
clearly identified, and the area of interest shaded. • Determine the equation of a least-squares regression
• Make predictions using a regression line, keeping in

values for different individuals
Step 2: Perform calculations—show your work! Do one of the . line using technology.

mind the dangers of extrapolation.

801
UNIT 9 Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
• A categorical variableakes values that are labels, which place each individual

following: • Calculate and interpret a residual. t • Construct and interpret residual plots to assess

into a particular group, called a category. A quantitative variable takes numer-

Cumulative AP ® Practice Test 4 849

(i) Standardize the boundary value(s) and use technology or Table A to whether a regression model is appropriate.
ical values that count or measure some characteristic of each individual.

STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS ON THE AP ® STATISTICS EXAM A-1
find the desired area under the standard normal curve; or
AP® EXAM TIP • Interpret the slope and y intercept of a regression 2

line.
• The distribution of a variable describes what values the variable takes and

AP® Daily Videos

(ii) Use technology to find the desired area without standardizing. Label • Interpret the coefficient of determination r and the

how often it takes each value.
standard deviation of the residuals s.

the calculator inputs.
Review the content of this • Determine the equation of a least-squares regression vii

• To summarize the distribution of a variable, you can use a frequency table
line using formulas.

section and get extra help by
Be sure to answer the question that was asked.
that shows the number of individuals having each value or a relative frequency
Pay attention to the Integrated
watching the AP® Daily Videos table that shows the proportion or percentage of individuals having each value.

®
for Topics 1.1–1.3, which are You can use a frequency table or a relative frequency table to help describe the
AP EXAM TIPS that support you in
In the preceding section, we found linear relationships in settings as varied as the
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17/10/23 1:08 PM
available in AP® Classroom. three ways:
WNBA, the Old Faithful geyser, and Nobel Prizes. When a scatterplot shows a
distribution of a variable.
AP® EXAM TIP linear relationship, we can summarize the overall pattern with a regression line
• By providing advice from experts
that models the relationship between the two variables.
Students often do not get full credit on the AP® Statistics exam because they use about how to be successful on
exercises
SECTION 1A
option (ii) with “calculator-speak” to show their work on normal distribution calculation the AP Statistics exam
®
questions — for example, normalcdf(−1000,6,6.84,1.55). This is not considered clear com- Bob Krist/The Image Bank/Getty Images
DEFINITION Regression line
munication. To get full credit, be sure to carefully label each of the inputs in the calculator • By offering insights into the
The solutions to all exercises numbered in red can be found in the Solutions Appendix.
A regression line is a line that models how a response variable y changes as an
AP® EXAM TIP
®
command if you use technology in Step 2: normalcdf(lower: −1000, upper: 6, mean: 6.84, AP Statistics formula sheet so ˆ a bx ,
explanatory variable x changes. Regression lines are expressed in the form y =+
Formula sheet
Individuals and Variables
exciting new coasters. The following table displays data

you know where to focus your study
SD: 1.55). where y ˆ (pronounced “ y -hat”) is the predicted value of y for a given value of x.
4
The regression line is defined
1. A class survey Here is a small part of a data set that on several roller coasters from around the world.
• By guiding you to the relevant
pg 4 describes the students in a math class. The data come ®
y ˆ
as =+bx on the formula
a

Speed Duration
Roller
from anonymous responses to a questionnaire filled out coaster Type Height AP Daily Video that corresponds
sheet provided on both sections
Design
(ft)
(mph)
(sec)

to each section in the text
on the second day of class. We could also express a regression line in the form y = mx + b, as we do in
of the AP® Statistics exam.

ˆ

algebra. However, statisticians prefer the reordered format y =+ bx because
a
50.0
144
82.0 Sit down
Steel
Copperhead
Homework Android Strike 04_StarnesTPS7e_40934_un03_239_316.indd 239 09/10/23 12:48 PM
xix
Grade Dominant Children last night or Eurostar Steel 98.9 Inverted 50.2 140 xix
level hand GPA in family (min) iPhone?
Jungle Wood 108.3 Sit down 54.1 150
9 L 2.3 3 0–14 iPhone Trailblazer
© 2024 BFW Publishers PAGES NOT FINAL - For Review Purposes Only, all other uses prohibited - Do Not Copy or Post in Any Form.
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11 R 3.8 6 15–29 Android Falcon Steel 197.5 Wing 73.3 156
3.1
10 R 03_StarnesTPS7e_40934_un02_141_238.indd 180 Android Olympia Steel 106.7 Sit down 49.7 105 09/10/23 12:42 PM
2
15–29
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10 R 4.0 1 45–59 iPhone
10 R 3.4 4 0–14 iPhone Time Steel 100.0 Sit down 50.3 117
Traveler
10 L 3.0 3 30–44 Android
9 R 3.9 2 15–29 iPhone (a) Identify the individuals and variables in this data set.

12 R 3.5 2 0–14 iPhone
(b) Classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.

(a) Identify the individuals and variables in this data set. 3. Hit movies Avatar was the top-earning movie based on
box-office receipts worldwide as of December 2022. The

(b) Classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
following table displays data on several popular movies. 5
2. Coaster craze Many people like to ride roller coasters. Identify the individuals and variables in this data set.
Amusement parks try to increase attendance by building Then classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
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