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194 Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations UNIT 2

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In the last stanzas, the tone shifts from jovial to judgmental as the topic sentence: loss PREPARING FOR THE AP EXAM WORKSHOP OVERVIEW
young girl enters the confines of her home and is questioned by her of freedom signified by Free-Response Question: PREPARING FOR THE AP ® EXAM This workshop introduces the Poetry Analysis
mother, representing the societal norms of being well-behaved girls and tone shift from playful Free-Response Question that students will
®
women have to follow. As she walks into the house, her carefree nature to reserved Poetry Analysis encounter on the AP Exam. For this early unit,
already dissipates. As she notices the “clean linoleum,” she “smoothed students should build on the defensible thesis
her skirt”: a gesture that contrasts with the dirty and playful tone from work they did for an excerpt from short fiction
outside, instead shifting into a stricter environment inside. In this new AP ® Enduring Understanding (LAN-1) and adapt it to a full poem. Next, students will
environment, she adjusts accordingly to please others by fixing her Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through build their argument by focusing on developing a
Teaching the Preparing for the AP Exam Section
clothing. She leaves behind the windblown hair and rumpled clothing evidence: details and ® logical line of reasoning to support the thesis
arguments supported by textual evidence.
that represent her freedom outside to look better adjusted for her mother word choice illustrate statement and connect to the idea and insight in
the loss of freedom
the claim.
and others. She is berated by her mother with questions about her time experienced within the
outside. Her mother represents the judgment and questioning women rules of society Justifying a Thesis through a Line
often get by others when acting against the societal norms of a perfect,
Test prep is built right into the student book of Reasoning COMMON MISCONCEPTION
well- mannered lady. The little girl is carefree and playful, just like a child
194 Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations should be, but in this new environment she is more reserved and The first free-response essay prompt on t ®he AP® English Literature and Compo- UNIT 2 Some students miss the mark by simply
PREPARING FOR THE AP EXAM
The practice questions in Ideas in Literature are spiraled and sition Exam requires you to write a literary argument analyzing a poem. In this PREPARING FOR THE AP ® EXAM reasoning and the thesis so that they do not
obedient to please and conform to those standards of women even as a
identifying literary techniques and elements
Free-Response Question:
rather than analyzing how the author’s use of
child. When her mother asks about what is in her pocket she answers
workshop, you will continue to develop the skills you need to complete this task
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs were used with this sample chapter.
PREPARING FOR THE AP EXAM
sequenced in the same way as the skills are in the AP® Framework.
In the last stanzas, the tone shifts from jovial to judgmental as the obediently that it is her knife and notices how it “weighted [her] pocket ® with a specific focus on establishing a line of reasoning. WORKSHOP OVERVIEW these elements and techniques contributes to an
topic sentence: loss
Poetry Analysis
This workshop introduces the Poetry Analysis
Free-Response Question:
young girl enters the confines of her home and is questioned by her and stretched [her] dress awry.” This object associated with her brother Read the following practice prompt and the accompanying poem, which is interpretation of the text. Students should focus
of freedom signified by
Questions are aligned to the skills taught in the unit and get
Free-Response Question that students will
tone shift from playful
mother, representing the societal norms of being well-behaved girls and and the playful rambunctious nature of boys, the knife, is weighing on an adaptation of the type of prompt you may see on the exam. Please note that on on developing the link between the line of
Poetry Analysis
encounter on the AP
®
to reserved
women have to follow. As she walks into the house, her carefree nature her as she tries her hardest to conform to the perfect little girl her mother the actual exam, you will be required to write a full analytical essay about multiple Exam. For this early unit,
progressively more challenging as the units advance. As students
AP ® Enduring Understanding (LAN-1) students should build on the defensible thesis
already dissipates. As she notices the “clean linoleum,” she “smoothed expects and wants. The knife also messes up her dress, showing how poetic elements and techniques. merely summarize the poem instead of explaining
work they did for an excerpt from short fiction
her skirt”: a gesture that contrasts with the dirty and playful tone from this object that represents her freedom from outside is messing with the Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through how the author’s literary choices link to the idea
build skills over the units, the test questions build in complexity and
PREPARING FOR THE AP ® EXAM
and adapt it to a full poem. Next, students will
AP ®
outside, instead shifting into a stricter environment inside. In this new mask she is putting on with orderly clothing and hair. It instead rumples Enduring Understanding (LAN-1) arguments supported by textual evidence. and insight. Teachers should practice this skill by
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
having students record annotations that link the
environment, she adjusts accordingly to please others by fixing her her dress and depicts her true nature as a playful child, but her mother’s Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through build their argument by focusing on developing a author’s literary choice to the unifying idea.
difficulty.
Prompt:
logical line of reasoning to support the thesis
evidence: details and
clothing. She leaves behind the windblown hair and rumpled clothing judging eyes do not accept that, so the little girl conforms to the arguments supported by textual evidence. In the following poem by William Shakespeare (published in 1609), the speaker addresses a loved
statement and connect to the idea and insight in
word choice illustrate
Justifying a Thesis through a Line
that represent her freedom outside to look better adjusted for her mother well-mannered stereotype that society wants her to be, instead of being one who has noticed that he is growing old and closer to death. Write a paragraph in which you
the loss of freedom
the claim.
and others. She is berated by her mother with questions about her time her true self. The tone shift contrasts the freedom she feels playing out- make a defensible claim regarding how Shakespeare uses metaphors to convey the complex rela-
experienced within the
of Reasoning
outside. Her mother represents the judgment and questioning women side as a horse with her mother’s questioning and judgment. Justifying a Thesis through a Line tionship between the aging speaker and the loved one. WORKSHOP RESOURCES
rules of society
FRQ writing workshops prepare students
often get by others when acting against the societal norms of a perfect, In Swenson’s poem “The Centaur,” the speaker depicts the societal conclusion: articulates In your paragraph, you should incorporate at least one piece of evidence from the text to sup- TRM All of the following resources for this
The first free-response essay prompt on the AP® English Literature and Compo-
of Reasoning
sition Exam requires you to write a literary argument analyzing a poem. In this
well- mannered lady. The little girl is carefree and playful, just like a child pressures placed on girls to be obedient and well-mannered. She uses the desire for freedom port your claim. COMMON MISCONCEPTION section can be found in the Teacher’s Resource
workshop, you will continue to develop the skills you need to complete this task
should be, but in this new environment she is more reserved and metaphors and similes to create a tonal shift from the carefree indepen- from societal pressures In your response, you should do the following: Some students miss the mark by simply Materials on the digital platform and individually
for exam day
The first free-response essay prompt on the AP® English Literature and Compo-
with a specific focus on establishing a line of reasoning.
obedient to please and conform to those standards of women even as a dence of a child playing outside alone to the constraints and judgments • Respond to the prompt with a claim that presents a defensible interpretation at point of use.
identifying literary techniques and elements
sition Exam requires you to write a literary argument analyzing a poem. In this
rather than analyzing how the author’s use of
child. When her mother asks about what is in her pocket she answers of social expectations. workshop, you will continue to develop the skills you need to complete this task Read the following practice prompt and the accompanying poem, which is Handout: Some Literary Techniques and
• Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning
This section is where the test prep lives in the book, but it’s also more
these elements and techniques contributes to an
obediently that it is her knife and notices how it “weighted [her] pocket with a specific focus on establishing a line of reasoning. an adaptation of the type of prompt you may see on the exam. Please note that on Elements
204
Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations the actual exam, you will be required to write a full analytical essay about multiple
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument
and stretched [her] dress awry.” This object associated with her brother Read the following practice prompt and the accompanying poem, which is interpretation of the text. Students should focus Graphic Organizer: Organizing a Poetry
poetic elements and techniques.
than that. In each unit, we focus on a type of FRQ and help students
and the playful rambunctious nature of boys, the knife, is weighing on an adaptation of the type of prompt you may see on the exam. Please note that on on developing the link between the line of Analysis I
2. The pronoun “him” (italicized in the original
They were deeply encrusted with rust. Looking
®
her as she tries her hardest to conform to the perfect little girl her mother the actual exam, you will be required to write a full analytical essay about multiple reasoning and the thesis so that they do not Scored Student Sample AP Essays
understand how to be successful when writing that particular type
about, he found a bit of iron and began to pry.
70
expects and wants. The knife also messes up her dress, showing how poetic elements and techniques. story) in line 24 refers to merely summarize the poem instead of explaining
this object that represents her freedom from outside is messing with the The rust had eaten a hundred years, and it had (A) Jim, the messenger, who is the main how the author’s literary choices link to the idea
Prompt:
of essay. The workshops are spiraled and scaffolded to align with the
mask she is putting on with orderly clothing and hair. It instead rumples gone deep. Slowly, wearily, the old lid lifted, and character. and insight. Teachers should practice this skill by AP CLASSROOM RESOURCES
In the following poem by William Shakespeare (published in 1609), the speaker addresses a loved
®
having students record annotations that link the
with a last, low groan lay bare its treasure —
AP® Framework, and the question types align with AP® Classroom
her dress and depicts her true nature as a playful child, but her mother’s Prompt: (B) the bank president. author’s literary choice to the unifying idea.
one who has noticed that he is growing old and closer to death. Write a paragraph in which you
(C) the junior clerk who accompanies the
®
and he saw the dull sheen of gold!
make a defensible claim regarding how Shakespeare uses metaphors to convey the complex rela-
judging eyes do not accept that, so the little girl conforms to the In the following poem by William Shakespeare (published in 1609), the speaker addresses a loved 195 AP Daily Videos
“Boom!”
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bank president.
75
Personal Progress Checks.
tionship between the aging speaker and the loved one.
well-mannered stereotype that society wants her to be, instead of being one who has noticed that he is growing old and closer to death. Write a paragraph in which you AP Topic Questions
(D) any of the people referred to in the
A low, grinding, reverberating crash struck
®
In your paragraph, you should incorporate at least one piece of evidence from the text to sup-
her true self. The tone shift contrasts the freedom she feels playing out- make a defensible claim regarding how Shakespeare uses metaphors to convey the complex rela- AP Personal Progress Check Unit 2
upon his ear. He started up and looked about.
port your claim.
side as a horse with her mother’s questioning and judgment. Every workshop includes the same four-step process to create a “human river” in the first sentence. WORKSHOP RESOURCES
tionship between the aging speaker and the loved one.
All was black and still. He groped for his light
(E) no one in particular as it is intended to be
In your response, you should do the following:
In your response, you should do the following:
In Swenson’s poem “The Centaur,” the speaker depicts the societal In your paragraph, you should incorporate at least one piece of evidence from the text to sup- TRM All of the following resources for this
ambiguous.
and swung it about him. Then he knew! The
routine that promotes student confidence for exam day. These four
03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 194
22/09/22 9:47 AM
pressures placed on girls to be obedient and well-mannered. She uses conclusion: articulates port your claim. 22/09/22 9:47 AM 03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 195 R es p o n d t o t h e p ® o m p t w i t h a c l a im t section can be found in the Teacher’s Resource
ts a def
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the desire for freedom
great stone door had swung to. He forgot the
metaphors and similes to create a tonal shift from the carefree indepen- from societal pressures 80 In your response, you should do the following: RELATED RELEASED AP EXAM u p p o r t y Materials on the digital platform and individually
t a
s
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n
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• Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning
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QUESTIONS
steps include the following:
gold and looked death squarely in the face.
3. Which of the following details BEST illustrate
dence of a child playing outside alone to the constraints and judgments • Respond to the prompt with a claim that presents a defensible interpretation • Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument t
at point of use.
r a
a
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2004B Q2 – “Crossing the Swamp” by Mary
of social expectations. Then with a sigh he went methodically to Jim’s bitter annoyance with his task? Handout: Some Literary Techniques and

work. The cold sweat stood on his forehead; f reasoning
• Select and use evidence to support your line o (A) “. . . ‘nothing!’ as he said bitterly” (line 5).
Oliver (Twentieth Century)
Elements
Plan the literary argument based on a unifying idea (B) “He smiled grimly and listened” (lines Graphic Organizer: Organizing a Poetry
but he searched, pounded, pushed, and worked
2007B Q1 – “Here” by Philip Larkin (Twentieth
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument

Century)
85 until after what seemed endless hours his 26–27). Analysis I
hand struck a cold bit of metal and the great
Develop a defensible thesis statement and a unified line of (C) “. . . but the messenger passed silently Scored Student Sample AP Essays
2009B Q1 – “Icarus” by Edward Field (Twentieth

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down the stairs” (lines 37–38).
door swung again harshly on its hinges, and
Century)
reasoning then, striking against something soft and (D) “. . . down into the blackness and silence
2013 Q1 – “The Black Walnut Tree” by Mary 2013 Q1 – “The Black Walnut Tree” by Mary

heavy, stopped. He had just room to squeeze
beneath that lowest cavern” (lines 41–42).
Oliver (Twentieth Century)
2015 Q1 – “XVI” by Derek Walcott (Twentieth 2015 Q1 – “XVI” by Derek Walcott (Twentieth AP CLASSROOM RESOURCES
®
Choose relevant evidence 90 through. There lay the body of the vault clerk, (E) “The cold sweat stood on his forehead . . .” AP Daily Videos 195

cold and stiff. He stared at it, and then felt sick
(line 83).
Century)
®
and nauseated. The air seemed unaccountably 2017 Q1 – “Myth of Music” by Rachel Harper ®
195
2017 Q1 – “Myth of Music” by Rachel Harper
Develop your commentary foul, with a strong, peculiar odor. He stepped 4. In the context of the passage as a whole, the AP Topic Questions
(Twentieth Century)
®
AP Personal Progress Check Unit 2
introduction of gold in line 74 creates
forward, clutched at the air, and fell fainting 03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 195 22/09/22 9:47 AM
2022 Q1 – “Shaving” by Richard Blanco

across the corpse.
(Twentieth Century)
95
For the FRQ workshops, we have suggested several past AP® Exam (A) the turning point for Jim and his
bitterness.
03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 194 22/09/22 9:47 AM 03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 195 (B) an example of how others in the passage
22/09/22 9:47 AM
FRQ questions for additional practice. 1. In the context of the passage as a whole, which are tempting Jim. Preparing for the AP Exam Free-Response Question: Poetry Analysis 195
®
®
RELATED RELEASED AP EXAM
QUESTIONS
of the following details about setting are most
prosperity for Jim.
significant?
2004B Q2 – “Crossing the Swamp” by Mary (C) a symbol of impending wealth and
Oliver (Twentieth Century) (D) a conflict affecting the trust established
(A) “. . . the human river that swirled down
Plenty of practice for multiple-choice questions with answers
2007B Q1 – “Here” by Philip Larkin (Twentieth
between Jim and the bank president.
Broadway” (lines 3–4).

Century)
(E) a contrast revealing a narrow window of
(B) “. . . the dim light filtered through the feet
03_williamlitte1e_47545_ch02_116_207_3pp.indd 195
2009B Q1 – “Icarus” by Edward Field (Twentieth
of hurrying men . . .” (lines 39–40).
hope for Jim.
We also have AP®-like multiple-choice practice items at the end of each unit to help 08/12/22 3:17 PM

(C) “A great rat leaped past him and cobwebs
Century)
students practice the test-taking experience. Each unit contains two sets of questions,
crept across his face” (lines 48–49).
2013 Q1 – “The Black Walnut Tree” by Mary

Oliver (Twentieth Century)
(D) “. . . a long, narrow room with shelves,
one focused on a prose passage and one focused on a poem. These items are also
and at the far end, an old iron chest”
2015 Q1 – “XVI” by Derek Walcott (Twentieth

Century)
(lines 62–63).
assignable in the book’s digital platform. 2017 Q1 – “Myth of Music” by Rachel Harper
(E) “. . . the great door swung again harshly

(Twentieth Century)
on its hinges, and then, striking against
For all of the multiple-choice practice questions included in the student textbook,
something soft and heavy, stopped” (lines
2022 Q1 – “Shaving” by Richard Blanco

86–89).
(Twentieth Century)
the Teacher’s Edition contains the answer, as well as the alignment to the AP® Skill and
Essential Knowledge for each question. Rationales for all answers can be found on ® Free-Response Question: Poetry Analysis 195
Preparing for the AP Exam
the digital platform.
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03_williamlitte1e_47545_ch02_116_207_3pp.indd 195 08/12/22 3:17 PM
®
Question Answer AP Skill AP Essential Knowledge
®
1.A Identify and describe what specific CHR-1 A Description, dialogue, and behavior reveal characters to readers.
textual details reveal about a character, that
1 B character’s perspective, and that character’s
motives.
5.B Explain the function of specific words FIG-1.A An antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause that precedes its referent.
2 A and phrases in a text. Referents may include pronouns, nouns, phrases, or clauses.
6.B Identify and explain the function of a FIG-1.H A metaphor implies similarities between two (usually unrelated)
3 B metaphor. concepts or objects in order to reveal or emphasize one or more things about
one of them, though the differences between the two may also be revealing.
3.D Explain the function of contrasts within STR-1.G Contrast can be introduced through focus; tone; point of view;
4 E a text. character, narrator, or speaker perspective; dramatic situation or moment;
settings or time; or imagery.
TE-xvi Welcome to Ideas in Literature
204 Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations
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