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Preparing for the AP Exam ■ Multiple-Choice Questions: Poetry
®
3. The speaker’s perspective is directly shaped by 5. The effect of structuring the poem with the 207 UNIT 2
®
PREPARING FOR THE AP EXAM (A) the initial observation of the spider spider stanza first is to
Multiple-Choice Questions: Poetry seeking to explore its surroundings. (A) establish details for comparison before PREPARING FOR THE AP ® EXAM
(B) the perceived separation of the speaker the actual comparison is made.
(B) distinguish the animal qualities of the
from their soul. Character ■ Perspective and Bias 119 UNIT 2
A Noiseless Patient Spider (C) the first-person involvement of the spider from the celestial qualities of the
speaker with their soul.
soul.
Walt Whitman Character’s Actions May Reveal . . . (C) combine the circumstances of the spider INTRODUCING THE WORKSHOP
(D) the outside perspective of a third-person
CHARACTER
point of view.
as it is compared to the circumstances of
A father tells his children long, This character spends a lot of time thinking CHARACTER Lit Links. Remind students that
(E) the all-knowing point of view that
Perspective and Bias heroic stories about their about his own father, admires the grandfather’s TRM
the speaker’s soul.
(D) ensure that the spider is seen as being the
prevents bias in the speaker.
A noiseless patient spider, grandfather’s military service. patriotism, and wants to inspire those feelings characters, like people, have a back story that
1
I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated, within his own kids. speaker’s soul. shapes who they are and what they believe. Their
AP Enduring Understanding 4. Which of the following BEST describes how (E) avoid any confusion that the speaker, cultural and personal values often affect their
Access Digital Resources with a Click
Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding,
®
A neighbor opens her home one
This character has the resources and space to
soul, and spider are all the same thing in
the spider in the first stanza serves as a met-
2
It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself,
Characters in literature allow readers to study and explore a range of values, beliefs, night a week for the neighborhood feed many people; she enjoys sharing meals motivations and choices. Even when we don’t
the overall context of the poem.
aphor for the speaker’s soul in the second
Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.
assumptions, biases, and cultural norms represented by those characters. to eat dinner together for free. with her community and values them like family. know a character’s backstory, we can make
5
stanza?
some inferences based on the choices they
This character is thorough and detail-oriented;
And you O my soul where you stand, A detective methodically Note the icons in the margin notes that direct you to resources that support the
6. The poem as a whole suggests a contrast
(A) The spider cannot find a hold in its
make.
Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space, interviews every person who was they may be very calculating in their thinking You might relate developing a story character
between
“vacant vast surrounding” (line 3) despite
processes.
3
Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them,
You can tell a lot about people based on the content that they post on their at the scene of a crime. content taught in a given section. The icons show what digital resources are available
(A) isolation and detachment.
to making a character for a video game. The
working “tirelessly.” This suggests that the
social media profile. For example, you can potentially figure out their sense An older sibling gently drapes a on the book’s digital platform. In addition, all links are clickable in the Teacher’s
Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold,
This character cares about their sibling’s
speaker’s soul continually fails to make a
(B) love and connection.
principles outlined in Electra Nanou’s 2022 article
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs were used with this sample chapter.
4
Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.
(C) hope and isolation.
connection in its “measureless oceans of
KEY POINT of humor, their taste in music, or their views of current events. You’d also get blanket over their younger sibling comfort and won’t take advantage of them “7 Reasons Why Character Development is
10
when they’re vulnerable.
as they take a nap.
a sense of how often they engage with social media and respond to online
space” (line 7).
Edition e-book to bring you directly to that resource. Important in Video Games,” available in Lit Links,
A character or content. While you cannot learn everything about people solely based on their Composition Workshop ■ Writing about Tone 185 (D) fear and loathing.
A bully mocks someone’s
This character may be projecting insecurities
(B) The spider is isolated in space but sending
(E) patience and anxiety.
speaker’s perspec-
1. Alliteration in line 3 (“Mark’d . . . surrounding,”) 2. Use of the word “somewhere” (line 10) appearance or clothing. about their own appearance onto someone can be applied to both fiction and poetry.
online activity, it’s one source of clues about the person running the account.
tive and biases suggest that the speaker is filaments “out of itself” (line 4) seeking
emphasizes
they can control.
are shaped by his connection as it builds its web. This
• The structure of the text
(A) the journey facing the spider.
suggests that the speaker’s soul is also
or her past. These (A) talking as much to himself as he is his A friend bursts into a room and This character may act on impulse and Planning the Unit Video
isolated in its “measureless oceans of Teacher’s Resource Materials

TRM
soul.
(B) the enormity of the isolation perceived by
• Shifts in tone
biases appear in the Values Influence Character’s Perspective exclaims a scandalous secret that assume that they are entitled to share WORKSHOP RESOURCES
To view or listen to a short unit planning video
the spider.
identify available handouts, activity handouts,
space” (line 7) but working to find a sense
character’s choices, (B) unable to accept responsibility for the they just heard. information without discretion, consideration TRM All of the following resources for this
prepared by the textbook authors, click on this
• Complexity of tone, perspectives, or ideas
actions of his own soul.
(C) how much the spider has explored in his
actions, dialogue, Characters must navigate their fictional worlds from their own perspectives, of connection. for others, or concerns about consequences. section can be found in the Teacher’s Resource
graphic organizers, reusable graphic
(C) frightened of the growing distance
time.
• Literary techniques
internal thoughts, which often seem as complex and nuanced as people’s perspectives in real life. (C) The spider climbs to its highest point link in the TE-book or download it from the
book’s digital platform.
between himself and his soul.
(D) how lost the spider feels in his
organizers, Lit Links masters, and more.
and interactions Readers learn about a character’s values through details about his or her thoughts, on the “little promontory” (line 2) and Materials on the digital platform and individually
You must have a lin
words, and actions.
with others. unexplored surroundings. (D) uncertain about his own direction and e of reasoning for your literary argument; however, you at point of use. Composition Workshop ■ Writing about Tone 185 UNIT 2
184
Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations
“tirelessly” launches filaments with
COMPOSITION WORKSHOP
INSIDEResis statement.
(E) the dangers the spider perceives from his existence. may choose whether to preview this line of reasoning within your th Perspective contributes to tone. Tone is by definition Handout: A Character’s Perspective
As with people in real life, the perspectives of characters are influenced by
no connections. This suggests that the
an attitude. A character’s perspective often conveys his
their backgrounds, their education, their families, and their past experiences.
high vantage point. (E) willing to follow wherever his soul AP ® TIP or her attitude about a character, event, place, or idea in a • The structure of the text
Review the following templates that may help you write your thesis statement.
UNIT 2 OVERVIEW
speaker’s soul has reached the peak of
Analyzing Tone through Figurative Elements
Graphic Organizer: Describing a Character’s

Even apparently minor details in the story can provide helpful information about existence but it is meaningless as all it can • Shifts in tone
may wander.
literary work.
Idea:
Perspective
Before most of us could read, we listened to
a character’s perspective. Characters reveal their perspectives and biases in their do is “ceaselessly” (line 8) muse. • Complexity of tone, perspectives, or ideas COMPOSITION WORKSHOP
stories and poetry as small children—perhaps
assumptions about others, the stories they tell, their secrets, their decision-making (D) The spider works “tirelessly” (line 5) until • Literary techniques
even as babies. From Mother Goose and Dr.
process, and even their misperceptions. it makes a connection in its “vacant vast Insights and Connections You must have a line of reasoning for your literary argument; however, you
® Seuss to J. K. Rowling, the poetry and prose of
to Unifying Idea
Textual Details
AP CLASSROOM RESOURCES
surrounding” (line 3) while the speaker’s
WRITING A THESIS FOR ANALYSIS OF TONE A CHARACTER’S PERSPECTIVE may choose whether to preview this line of reasoning within your thesis statement.
these childhood classics transport us out of our
Review the following templates that may help you write your thesis statement.
soul remains “detached” (line 7) and
®
Discovering a Character’s Perspective In [title of work], the author conveys a [adjective] AP Daily Videos
Template 1:
own lives into the lives of others, all while
Consider the Implications
Character Details
cannot make its own connections.
The Digital icon links to features found
®
teaching us lessons and connecting us to
Thesis connects tone to the idea and previews
Readers can learn about a character’s biases through a character’s choices and tone using [literary technique] and [literary AP Topic Questions ®
(E) The s
Character’s pider “stood isolated” (line 2)
• What past experiences have affected the character?
Test Bank: AP -Style Unit 2 Mini Exam
1 A point of high land that juts out into a large body of water. the line of reasoning. technique], in order to reveal that [unifying idea important ideas. As we grew older, we learned
on the book’s digital platform, including test
background
and overwhelmed by its “vacant vast
actions. How characters act toward people who are different from them, how
2 In this case, a thread of spider’s web; some spiders begin building webs by releasing filaments into + insight]. • Where is the character from? Multiple-Choice Question Sets: TRM Handout: Writing a Thesis for Analysis of
how to read longer works of fiction and more
WRITING A THESIS FOR ANALYSIS OF TONE
they apologize to someone close to them, and even how they adapt to new
• What role does the character fulfill in his or her community?
questions, digital comprehension checks,
the air until they stick to something nearby. surrounding” (line 3) while the speaker’s TRM Handout: A Character’s Perspective Tone
complex poetry: texts that move us beyond
Mark Twain, from Adventures of Huckleberry
soul “stand[s], surrounded” (lines 6–7) and

circumstances — all of these may reveal a character’s perspective or bias. Indeed,
3 Heavenly bodies such as planets, sun, moon, and stars. Template 2: In [title of work], the author/speaker/narrator Template 1: In [title of work], the author conveys a [adjective]
• Who is the character’s family?
simple lessons to discover deeper emotions,
and digital grammar resources.
Finn (prose)
an astute reader not only infers a character’s values (ideas, attitudes, or beliefs
does not need to seek connection as the
4 A fine, filmy substance consisting of cobwebs spun by small spiders. Thesis connects tone to the idea and insight. conveys a [adjective] tone to reveal that [unifying Thesis connects tone to the idea and previews tone using [literary technique] and [literary
• Does the character have a religious background?
ideas, and perspectives about life. But how do
Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask
spider does.
about the human condition) from all the elements of characterization but also idea + insight]. • What do the choices a character makes reveal about his or her values? the line of reasoning. technique], in order to reveal that [unifying idea
+ insight].
Character’s actions
the words on a page have such power?
(poetry)
206 applies that information when interpreting other parts of the text. In [title of work], the author/speaker/narrator shifts Template 2: In [title of work], the author/speaker/narrator
Template 3:
and choices
• What factors does the character consider when deciding what to do?
Characters may even be unaware that they are revealing information about from a [adjective] to a [adjective] tone to illustrate Character Authors employ a wide range of literary UNIT 2
Free-Response Question:
conveys a [adjective] tone to reveal that [unifying
Thesis connects tone to the idea and insight. 119 ■ Perspective and Bias
Tone(s):
elements and techniques to convey these ideas
• Is the character consistent in what he or she does?
idea + insight].
their values and biases to the reader. Thesis reveals complexity in tone and connects that [unifying idea + insight]. Poetry Analysis (Christina Rossetti, Uphill)
to the idea. • What factors does a character consider before deciding to act or not to act? Template 3: In [title of work], the author/speaker/narrator shifts

and insights in their works. For example,
figurative language is one of the most powerful
INTRODUCING THE WORKSHOP
May Reveal . . .
CHARACTER Idea + insight: Character’s Actions (continued) Thesis reveals complexity in tone and connects from a [adjective] to a [adjective] tone to illustrate
that [unifying idea + insight].
to the idea.
03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 206 22/09/22 9:47 AM 03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 207 22/09/22 9:47 AM tools in their toolbox. By writing figuratively (as
AP Essential Knowledge
®
Question Answer AP Skill This character spends a lot of time thinking CHARACTER Lit Links. Remind students that
A father tells his children long,
®
opposed to literally), authors create comparisons
Perspective and Bias Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
TRM
heroic stories about their
about his own father, admires the grandfather’s
and associations to connect with their readers characters, like people, have a back story that
118 4.B Identify and explain the function of point of view NAR-1.D The point of view contributes to what narrators, characters,
grandfather’s military service.
patriotism, and wants to inspire those feelings
and share ideas about the human experience. shapes who they are and what they believe. Their
within his own kids.
3 C in a narrative. or speakers can and cannot provide in a text based on their level of
Handout buttons on the student
LITERARY ARGUMENTATION
The literary analysis workshops in this unit cultural and personal values often affect their
AP Enduring Understanding Developing a Thesis Statement for Tone A neighbor opens her home one involvement and intimacy with the details, events, or characters. TRM Graphic Organizer: Developing a Thesis
Develop a Defensible Thesis Statement
®
® SKILLS
LITERARY ARGUMENTATION
AP
This character has the resources and space to
edition pages identify places where graphic
Statement for Tone Analysis
® SKILLS
motivations and choices. Even when we don’t
AP focus on demonstrating how
PRACTICE
Characters in literature allow readers to study and explore a range of values, beliefs, In Unit 1, you learned how to combine the unifying idea and an insight about that feed many people; she enjoys sharing meals Developing a Thesis Statement for Tone © Robert Couse-Baker
PRACTICE
night a week for the neighborhood
Analysis
FIG-1.H A metaphor implies similarities between two (usually unrelated)
1.D The point of view contributes to what narrators,
organizers are available both in the digital
UNIT
a speaker’s or character’s background and
assumptions, biases, and cultural norms represented by those characters. idea to write a defensible thesis statement that conveys your interpretation of a with her community and values them like family. Analysis know a character’s backstory, we can make
to eat dinner together for free.

22/09/22 9:42 AM
03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 118 22/09/22 9:42 AM 03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 119 literary text. You will continue to do this for every literary argument that you write. concepts or objects in order to reveal or emphasize one or more things some inferences based on the choices they
characters, or speakers can and cannot provide in a
perspective shapes their values and biases;
A detective methodically
platform and the student workbook.
4 B In this workshop, you are analyzing tone, so in addition to your interpretation, This character is thorough and detail-oriented;
Record the unifying idea and insight of the text you are analyzing in the following
Record the unifying idea and insight of the text you are analyzing in the following text based on their level of involvement and intimacy about one of them, though the differences between the two may also be make.
the structure of a text, including shifts and
graphic organizer. Next, using the thesis templates as a guide, write a defensible
your thesis statement should identify the tone in the text using precise adjectives. they may be very calculating in their thinking
interviews every person who was

graphic organizer. Next, using the thesis templates as a guide, write a defensible with the details, events, or characters. revealing. thesis statement. You may choose whether or not to preview your line of You might relate developing a story character
Your thesis can also preview the reasons that you will develop in your body para- processes.
at the scene of a crime.
2
You can tell a lot about people based on the content that they post on their reasoning. contrasts, reveals important tensions between
thesis statement. You may choose whether or not to preview your line of graphs for support. to making a character for a video game. The
ideas that contribute to an interpretation of a
This character cares about their sibling’s
An older sibling gently drapes a
social media profile. For example, you can potentially figure out their sense To determine these reasons, you need to pay attention to what is happening in STR-1.D Line and stanza breaks contribute to the development and principles outlined in Electra Nanou’s 2022 article
3.C Explain the function of structure in a text.
reasoning.
Developing a Defensible Thesis Statement for Literary Argument
comfort and won’t take advantage of them
text;
KEY POINT of humor, their taste in music, or their views of current events. You’d also get blanket over their younger sibling relationship of ideas in a poem. an author creates ambiguity by using “7 Reasons Why Character Development is Analyzing Comparisons
5
Athe text. In other words, you should take note of the author’s techniques. For exam-
Topic
when they’re vulnerable.
as they take a nap.
Claim
ple, some texts shift from one distinct tone to another or from a concrete image to

Developing a Defensible Thesis Statement for Literary Argument
A character or a sense of how often they engage with social media and respond to online A bully mocks someone’s Title, Author, and Focus Unifying Idea + Insight Important in Video Games,” available in Lit Links,
content. While you cannot learn everything about people solely based on their
referents and language that allow for multiple
an abstract idea. Some present comparisons, contrasts, or repetitions. Likewise, the This character may be projecting insecurities
speaker’s perspec- online activity, it’s one source of clues about the person running the account. author may choose a series of closely related images and comparison LAN-1.D A thesis statement expresses an interpretation of a literary text, can be applied to both fiction and poetry.
Claim
Topic
(author choices)
7.B Develop a thesis statement that conveys a s that work about their own appearance onto someone
interpretations; and
appearance or clothing.
tive and biases Title, Author, and Focus Unifying Idea + Insight toward a common idea. Consider the following as you plan your literary argument: they can control. and Representations
defensible claim about an interpretation of literature
and requires a defense, through use of textual evidence and a line of
are shaped by his 6 C authors intentionally use comparisons to
and that may establish a line of reasoning.
This character may act on impulse and
highlight important characteristics and values.
A friend bursts into a room and
or her past. These (author choices) • Concrete and abstract associations of figurative language reasoning, both of which are explained in an essay through commentary.
biases appear in the Values Influence Character’s Perspective • Conflicts and tensions in the text exclaims a scandalous secret that assume that they are entitled to share Students will continue to develop analytical WORKSHOP RESOURCES
they just heard.
character’s choices, • Comparisons and contrasts of objects and images information without discretion, consideration
thesis statements. More specifically, this unit TRM All of the following resources for this
for others, or concerns about consequences.
actions, dialogue, Characters must navigate their fictional worlds from their own perspectives, Fully aligned with AP Classroom ® Multiple-Choice Questions: Poetry 207
Preparing for the AP Exam
®
internal thoughts, which often seem as complex and nuanced as people’s perspectives in real life. asks students to strategically select apt and section can be found in the Teacher’s Resource
and interactions Readers learn about a character’s values through details about his or her thoughts, specific evidence to support their claims. Materials on the digital platform and individually
with others. words, and actions. We know that one of the main reasons people want at point of use.
INSIDER
Perspective contributes to tone. Tone is by definition
As with people in real life, the perspectives of characters are influenced by to align with the AP® CED is so they can easily Handout: A Character’s Perspective
their backgrounds, their education, their families, and their past experiences. AP ® TIP an attitude. A character’s perspective often conveys his AP CLASSROOM RESOURCES Graphic Organizer: Describing a Character’s 22/09/22 9:42 AM
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03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 116
or her attitude about a character, event, place, or idea in a
Even apparently minor details in the story can provide helpful information about make use of the great resources on AP® Classroom.
literary work.
08/12/22 5:50 PM
a character’s perspective. Characters reveal their perspectives and biases in their That’s why, throughout this Teacher’s Edition, we’ve Character Unit 2 Guide 119 Perspective
03_williamlitte1e_47545_ch02_116_207_3pp.indd 207
Perspective and Bias
assumptions about others, the stories they tell, their secrets, their decision-making Unit 2 Faculty Lecture Video
process, and even their misperceptions. called out exactly where and when to bring in which ®
types of AP® Classroom resources, to make the AP CLASSROOM RESOURCES
03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 185 22/09/22 9:47 AM A CHARACTER’S PERSPECTIVE ®
Discovering a Character’s Perspective integration of this program with that platform as AP Daily Videos
Consider the Implications
Character Details
®
AP Topic Questions
Readers can learn about a character’s biases through a character’s choices and clear as possible. Character’s • What past experiences have affected the character? 08/12/22 5:23 PM
03_williamlitte1e_47545_ch02_116_207_3pp.indd 119
actions. How characters act toward people who are different from them, how background • Where is the character from?
they apologize to someone close to them, and even how they adapt to new • What role does the character fulfill in his or her community? TRM Handout: A Character’s Perspective
circumstances — all of these may reveal a character’s perspective or bias. Indeed, • Who is the character’s family?
an astute reader not only infers a character’s values (ideas, attitudes, or beliefs • Does the character have a religious background?
about the human condition) from all the elements of characterization but also Character’s actions • What do the choices a character makes reveal about his or her values?
applies that information when interpreting other parts of the text. and choices • What factors does the character consider when deciding what to do?
Characters may even be unaware that they are revealing information about
their values and biases to the reader. • Is the character consistent in what he or she does?
Composition Workshop
Writing about Tone
• What factors does a character consider before deciding to act or not to act? Welcome to Ideas in Literature TE-xxi 185
(continued)
116 Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations
118
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Character Perspective and Bias 119
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