Page 86 - 2023-bfw-IdeasLit-TE-1e.indd

130 Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations

TRM Graphic Organizer: Analyzing Shifts
® SKILLS
and Contrasts AP STRUCTURE
PRACTICE Analyzing Shifts and Contrasts
Read the following poem, “Janet Waking.” As you read, consider whether the
author incorporates a primary shift or a series of contrasts in the text. Then,
record details from the poem in the following graphic organizer, which will help
you make an interpretation.
Analyzing Shifts and Contrasts
Indication in the text:were used with this sample chapter.
Indicators of Shifts
• Contrasting transition words (e.g., but, however, yet)
• Syntactic markers (e.g., isolated simple sentences)
• Punctuation (e.g., use of question mark, dash, colon, parentheses)
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
• Structural changes (e.g., change in paragraph or stanza, one-sentence
paragraphs)
• A change in the connotation of words or language
Indicators of Contrasts
• A back-and-forth movement in dialogue, plot, or other elements that create
contrast
• Frequent changes in speaker, imagery, point of view
• Juxtaposed characters, settings, points of view, or images (e.g., I and we;
then and now)
Shift (detail before) or
Shift (after) or
Contrasts (details Side B)
Contrast (details of Side A)
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs
Indication in the text:

What is revealed through these contrasts or shifts?

03_williamlit1e_46174_ch02_116_207.indd 130 22/09/22 9:43 AM
CREATIVE WRITING
It’s All About the Shift
Ask students about the first time they experienced
a death (of a pet, a family member, or a friend) as
in the case of the speaker in “Janet Waking.” Ask
them to write about the movement from innocence
to maturity when they came to realize that death
was real and final. Have students brainstorm about
the shifts in thinking and feeling that came about
with this experience. Ask students to write a poem
or story depicting the shift from unknowing to
knowing. Have them start with one emotion and
show a shift to another once they understood the
word “death.” Encourage them to use transition
words (e.g., before, after, but, so, then, now) or
changes in stanzas to indicate the change or shift.

130 Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations

03_williamlitte1e_47545_ch02_116_207_3pp.indd 130 08/12/22 5:26 PM