Page 169 - The Language of Composition 4e Teacher Edition Sample.indd

AMARIL
L
A

TIERRA AMARILLA, NEW MEXICO non-Anglo image of himself,” the columnist Ruben 4
TIE
RRA
,
ME
X
ICO

NE
W
71% HISPANIC Salazar wrote in the Los Angeles Times in 1970.
71% HISPANIC
DIFFERENTIATION
BIDEN 66%, TRUMP 33% Ten years later, in the aftermath of social DIFFERENTIA TION chapter 4
BIDEN 66%, TRUMP 33%
movements during which Mexican Americans
What to call the people now known as Latino
What to call the people now known as Latino 10 and Puerto Ricans and other Spanish-surnamed Scaffolding
Scaffolding
has been debated for more than four hundred
has been debated for more than four hundred people demanded civil rights, the Census
obar’
ou could have students examine T
Y
s
years. The Spanish settlement of what is today
years. The Spanish settlement of what is today Bureau created the pan-ethnic category Other Voices / Héctor Tobar You could have students examine Tobar’s
line of reasoning at the beginning of para-
the Southwestern United States in the seven-
the Southwestern United States in the seven- “Hispanic,” an English adjective that describes line of r easoning at the beginning of para-
graph 10 by asking them to analyze his
teenth and eighteenth centuries gave birth to
teenth and eighteenth centuries gave birth to Spanish-speaking people. Around the same graph 10 by asking them to analyze his
choice to return to definitions of labels at
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs have been used for this sample chapter.
ethnic identifiers such as Tejano and Californio. time, activists started using the term “Latino,” choice to r etur n to definitions of labels at
ethnic identifiers such as Tejano and Californio.
this point in the essay, after having done
, after having done
this point in the essay
Then the United States conquered the territory a Spanish word derived from the longer latino- some other defining at the beginning. They
Then the United States conquered the territory
some other defining at the beginning. They
in the Mexican-American War. “Mexican”
in the Mexican-American War. “Mexican” americano. Hispanic became a box you checked might imagine paragraphs 10–12 moved to
might imagine paragraphs 10–12 moved to
became an insult used by English speakers to on a form, whereas Latino rolled off the tongue the beginning. Y ou could phrase the task
became an insult used by English speakers to
the beginning. You could phrase the task
denigrate the locals with Spanish surnames,
denigrate the locals with Spanish surnames, and was a statement of unity among immigrant like an AP ®
like an AP Language Writing multiple-
denying them the social status of white groups. choice question: “The writer is considering choice question: “The writer is considering
denying them the social status of white
Americans. In 1929, the first major national In New Mexico, however, where Spanish moving paragraphs 10–12 to the beginning moving paragraphs 10–12 to the beginning
Americans. In 1929, the first major national
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
organization of Mexican-American activists identity predates the immigrant flows of the of the essay. Should or shouldn’t he, and t he, and
organization of Mexican-American activists
of the essay
. Should or shouldn’
took the name the League of United Latin
took the name the League of United Latin twentieth century, Hispanic is still the preferred why?” Or , to focus them on T obar’
why?” Or, to focus them on Tobar’s s
American Citizens precisely because they term, because it expresses the cultural ties locals choices, the question might be “How would would
American Citizens precisely because they
question
might
choices,
the
“How
be
wanted to distance themselves from that label. have to Spain. New Mexico was the region of the that choice weaken his line of reasoning?”easoning?”
wanted to distance themselves from that label.
that choice weaken his line of r
“Mexican” became a racial category for the
first (and only) time during the 1930 census, as modern-day United States most incorporated
into the Spanish Empire, and Hispanos was the
officials grappled with what to call the darker- term the conquerors used to distinguish them-
DIFFERENTIATION
skinned people with Spanish names living in the selves as a race apart from the Zuni, Acoma, and DIFFERENTIA TION
United States. Many Mexican Americans, mean- other indigenous peoples living among them. Connections to T e xt
Connections to Text
while, were ambivalent about their own racial Many property deeds in northern New Mexico
T
s discussions of census documents
obar’
identities. Latin American people have never can be traced back to the vast land grants the Tobar’s discussions of census documents
here (and elsewhere in the essay) connect to
quite fit into the country’s established legal Spanish crown issued to Hispano settlers. After her e (and elsewher e in the essay) connect to
Remmel’s quandaries in their essay (p. 260).
racial categories. In the landmark 1946 the U.S. conquest, the land grants were system- Remmel’ s quandaries in their essay (p. 260).
obar
Both focus on the labels and what T
school-desegregation case Mendez v. Westmin- atically taken over by Anglo settlers and the fed- Both focus on the labels and what Tobar
calls “a box you check” (par. 13). You might
ster, a lawyer for a group of Mexican-American eral government. More than a century later, the calls “a box you check” (par . 13). Y ou might
have students discuss how those forms
families argued that children of Mexican descent charismatic, Texas-born preacher Reies Lopez have students discuss how those forms
guments (and
make implicit, or explicit, ar
were white and therefore could not be separated Tijerina arrived in New Mexico to demand that make implicit, or explicit, arguments (and
emind them that “everything’
r
s an
from white children. (The judge ruled in their the United States government restore the land to remind them that “everything’s an
argument”!).
favor on different grounds: the Fourteenth the descendants of the original Hispanos. His ar gument”!).
Amendment’s equal protection clause.) movement climaxed with a brief takeover of
My birth certificate lists both of my parents
as “Caucasian,” because in the thinking of the hundreds of thousands of acres, followed by an
armed raid on a courthouse in Tierra Amarilla
Sixties, there was no other category in which in 1967.
to put them. That same decade, the term
When I arrived there, I found a ghost town of 15
“ Chicano” (an old pejorative) was gaining cur- locked government buildings and crumbling
rency as a hip alternative to Mexican-American, stores. The poverty rate in the surrounding
much as Latinx is spreading among young people county is 22 percent, double the national rate.
today. “A Chicano is a Mexican-American with a
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