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AP Alignment

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AP Big Idea AP Enduring Understanding AP Skills AP Essential Knowledge
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Character: CHR-1 Characters in literature 1.A Identify and describe what CHR-1.E Characters reveal their perspectives and
Perspective allow readers to study and explore specific textual details reveal about biases through the words they use, the details they
and Bias a range of values, beliefs, a character, that character’s provide in the text, the organization of their thinking,
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs were used with this sample chapter.
assumptions, biases, and cultural perspective, and that character’s the decisions they make, and the actions they take.
norms represented by those motives.
characters.
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Structure: STR-1 The arrangement of the 3.C Explain the function of STR-1.D Line and stanza breaks contribute to the
Shifts and parts and sections of a text, the structure in a text. development and relationship of ideas in a poem.
Contrasts relationship of the parts to each STR-1.E The arrangement of lines and stanzas
other, and the sequence in which contributes to the development and relationship of
the texts reveal information are all ideas in a poem.
structure choices made by a writer STR-1.F A text’s structure affects readers’ reactions
that contribute to the reader’s and expectations by presenting the relationships
interpretation of a text. among the ideas of the text via their relative positions
and their placement within the text as a whole.

3.D Explain the function of STR-1.G Contrast can be introduced through focus;
contrasts within a text. tone; point of view; character, narrator, or speaker
perspective; dramatic situation or moment; settings or
time; or imagery.
STR-1.H Contrasts are the result of shifts or
juxtapositions or both.
STR-1.I Shifts may be signaled by a word, a structural
convention, or punctuation.
STR-1.J Shifts may emphasize contrasts between
particular segments of a text.
Figurative FIG-1 Comparisons, 5.B Explain the function of specific FIG-1.A An antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause
Language: representations, and associations words and phrases in a text. that precedes its referent. Referents may include
Associations shift meaning from the literal to the pronouns, nouns, phrases, or clauses.
and Emphasis figurative and invite readers to FIG-1.B Referents are ambiguous if they can refer to
interpret a text. more than one antecedent, which affects interpretation.
FIG-1.C Words or phrases may be repeated to
emphasize ideas or associations.
FIG-1.D Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter
sound at the beginning of adjacent or nearby words
to emphasize those words and their associations or
representations.

116-c Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations

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