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AP Alignment Table — Know That You Are
®
Covering Everything Required

In the Planning Pages that precede every chapter, you will find an alignment to the
AP® Course Framework, indicating exactly where the book aligns perfectly and
Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs were used with this sample chapter.
when we have chosen to scaffold skills a bit more thoroughly.
Units in the College Board CED increase in complexity as the course
progresses, with Units 1–3 laying foundational skills, Units 4–6 increasing in
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
complexity, and Units 7–9 taking analysis and writing to a sophisticated level. Ideas
in Literature carefully follows this structure as well, scaffolding carefully to build
the skills needed to score well on the exam.

®
Shows where each AP Enduring
®
AP Alignment
Understanding, Skill, and Essential
Knowledge statement is covered.
AP ® Big Idea AP ® Enduring Understanding AP ® Skills AP ® Essential Knowledge
Character: CHR-1 Characters in literature 1.A Identify and describe what CHR-1.E Characters reveal their perspectives and
Perspective allow readers to study and explore specific textual details reveal about biases through the words they use, the details they
and Bias a range of values, beliefs, a character, that character’s provide in the text, the organization of their thinking,
assumptions, biases, and cultural perspective, and that character’s the decisions they make, and the actions they take.
norms represented by those motives.
characters.
Structure: STR-1 The arrangement of the 3.C Explain the function of STR-1.D Line and stanza breaks contribute to the
Shifts and parts and sections of a text, the structure in a text. development and relationship of ideas in a poem.
Contrasts relationship of the parts to each STR-1.E The arrangement of lines and stanzas
other, and the sequence in which contributes to the development and relationship of
the texts reveal information are all ideas in a poem.
structure choices made by a writer STR-1.F A text’s structure affects readers’ reactions
that contribute to the reader’s and expectations by presenting the relationships
interpretation of a text. among the ideas of the text via their relative positions
and their placement within the text as a whole.
3.D Explain the function of STR-1.G Contrast can be introduced through focus;
contrasts within a text. tone; point of view; character, narrator, or speaker
perspective; dramatic situation or moment; settings or
time; or imagery.
STR-1.H Contrasts are the result of shifts or
juxtapositions or both.
STR-1.I Shifts may be signaled by a word, a structural
Shifts may be signaled by a word, a structural
convention, or punctuation.
convention, or punctuation.
STR-1.J Shifts may emphasize contrasts between
Shifts may emphasize contrasts between
particular segments of a text.
particular segments of a text.
An antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause
Figurative FIG-1 Comparisons, 5.B Explain the function of specific FIG-1.A An antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause
that precedes its referent. Referents may include
Language: representations, and associations words and phrases in a text. that precedes its referent. Referents may include
Associations shift meaning from the literal to the pronouns, nouns, phrases, or clauses. AP ® Enduring Understanding AP ® Skills AP ® Essential Knowledge
AP
pronouns, nouns, phrases, or clauses. ® Big Idea
and Emphasis figurative and invite readers to FIG-1.B Referents are ambiguous if they can refer to
Referents are ambiguous if they can refer to
interpret a text. more than one antecedent, which affects interpretation. 6.A Identify and explain the FIG-1.E A simile uses the words “like” or “as” to liken
more than one antecedent, which affects interpretation.
Figurative
Language:
Words or phrases may be repeated to
FIG-1.C Words or phrases may be repeated to function of a simile. two objects or concepts to each other.
emphasize ideas or associations.
emphasize ideas or associations. Similes and FIG-1.F Similes liken two different things to transfer
FIG-1.D Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter the traits or qualities of one to the other.
Metaphors
Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter
sound at the beginning of adjacent or nearby words
sound at the beginning of adjacent or nearby words FIG-1.G In a simile, the thing being compared is the
to emphasize those words and their associations or
to emphasize those words and their associations or main subject; the thing to which it is being compared is
representations. the comparison subject.
6.B Identify and explain the FIG-1.H A metaphor implies similarities between two
function of a metaphor. (usually unrelated) concepts or objects in order to
reveal or emphasize one or more things about one of
them, though the differences between the two may also
be revealing.
FIG-1.I In a metaphor, as in a simile, the thing being
compared is the main subject; the thing to which it is
being compared is the comparison subject.
FIG-1.J Comparisons between objects or concepts
draw on the experiences and associations readers
already have with those objects and concepts.
FIG-1.K Interpretation of a metaphor may depend
on the context of its use; that is, what is happening
in a text may determine what is transferred in the
comparison.
Literary LAN-1 Readers establish and 7.A Develop a paragraph that LAN-1.A In a literary analysis, writers read a text
Argumentation: communicate their interpretations of includes 1) a claim that requires closely to identify details that, in combination, enable
Writing about literature through arguments defense with evidence from the text them to make and defend a claim about an aspect of
Tone supported by textual evidence. and 2) the evidence itself. the text.
LAN-1.B A claim is a statement that requires defense
with evidence from the text.
116-c Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations LAN-1.C In literary analysis, the initial components of
a paragraph are the claim and textual evidence that
defends the claim.
*Should changes be made to the Course Framework in the future, an updated alignment will be placed on our AP ® updates page at go.bfwpub.com/ap-course-updates.
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Planning Pages 116-d
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Welcome to Ideas in Literature TE-vii
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