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wee hours, particularly when I have exchanged   measure: I whistle melodies from Beethoven
                                                    4
                                                         business clothes for jeans. If I happen to be   and Vivaldi and the more popular classical com-
                CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING             Identity  entering a building behind some people who   posers. Even steely New Yorkers hunching
                                                         appear skittish, I may walk by, letting them clear   toward nighttime destinations seem to relax,
               You might ask students to explain the     the lobby before I return, so as not to seem to be   and occasionally they even join in the tune.
               analogy that ends the essay (his whistling   following them. I have been calm and extremely     Virtually everybody seems to sense that a
               classical melodies is to passersby as a   congenial on those rare occasions when I’ve     mugger wouldn’t be warbling bright, sunny
               hiker’s cowbell is to bears). What does   been pulled over by the police.  selections from Vivaldi’s Four Seasons. It is my
               the comparison to bears suggest? Then,       And on late-evening constitutionals along   equivalent of the cowbell that hikers wear when
               ask them to connect the analogy to the    streets less traveled by, I employ what has   they know they are in bear country.
                Copyright (c) 2023 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Uncorrected proofs have been used for this sample chapter.
               complex tone of the final paragraph.
                                                         proved to be an excellent tension-reducing                  1986


               TRM  Suggested Responses                            Understanding and Interpreting
               Suggested responses to the questions for              1.  Rhetorical Situation.  What explanations does Brent Staples provide for the “victim’s”
                   Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.
               this reading can be found in the Teacher’s           behavior in the opening paragraph? To what extent does he blame her? Does he want us as
               Resource Materials.                                  readers to blame or be more sympathetic toward her?
                                                                   2.  Claims and Evidence.  What do you think Staples means when he says that he realizes
                                                                    “that being perceived as dangerous is a hazard in itself” (par. 2)? What distinction does he
               DIFFERENTIATION                                      draw? Do you agree or disagree? Explain why or why not.
                                                                   3.  Claims and Evidence.  What examples does Staples provide to illustrate “the language of
               Connections to World                                 fear” (par. 3)?
                                                                   4.  Claims and Evidence.  How does Staples account for the fact that he was in graduate
               On August 27, 2019, WBEZ Chicago, an                 school before he realized that his presence was perceived as having a “lethality” about it
               NPR member station, turned to an expert              (par. 7)?
               panel to seek advice for “the talk” some            5.  Rhetorical Situation / Claims and Evidence.  What “precautions” did Staples take to
               Black families choose to have with their             make himself “less threatening” (par. 13)? As he moves from a reference to his clothing to
               children about interactions with the police.         a description of whistling classical music, does he remain entirely serious or change his
               You can either share the printed article or          attitude?
               play the audio recording of “Having ‘The
               Talk’: Expert Guidance on Preparing Kids            Analyzing Language, Style, and Structure
               for Police Interactions” with students.
               Then, ask students to react as you lead               1.  Vocabulary in Context.  In paragraph 14, Staples writes, “And on late-evening
               them through a whole-group discussion                constitutionals along streets less traveled by, I employ what has proved to be an excellent
               about the segment and its relationship to            tension-reducing measure.” What is a “constitutional” in this context? Why do you think he
               Staples’s article.                                   has used such a formal, old-fashioned word?
                                                                   2.  Rhetorical Situation / Style.  What is the effect of the opening sentence, “My first victim
                                                                    was a woman . . .”? How is Staples using the term “victim”? How does the meaning of the
                                                                    sentence and the term change as you read and reread the essay?
               DIFFERENTIATION                                     3.  Rhetorical Situation / Style.  How does the description at the beginning resemble a scene
                                                                    from a novel? What mood does Staples set with the details and specific words he chooses?
               Connections to Self                                  Pay close attention to modifiers and verbs.
               Understanding Q5. As an extension, you
               might ask students to reflect on modifica-
                             eaction to other people.
               tions they make in r
               tions they make in reaction to other people.
               How are the changes they make similar to   216
               or different from the ones Staples
               describes?
                                                 05_sheatlc4e_40925_ch04_170_315.indd   216                               12/10/22   2:35 PM
                                                  CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
                                                 Analyzing Q3. This question offers a good
                                                 opportunity to review with students how
                                                 mood (atmosphere) differs from tone (the
                                                 writer’s attitude) as well as to review the
                                                 function of modifiers.

















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          05_sheatlcte4e_46921_ch04_170a_315_2pp.indd   216                                                             1/20/23   7:46 PM
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