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10 UNIT 1 Exploring One-Variable Data

7. CubeSat missions A CubeSat is a miniature satellite homes sold in the town during 2023. The resulting data set
used for space research that can be easily deployed lists each home’s address, along with the following informa-
from a launch vehicle or from the International tion: zip code, number of bedrooms, primary building mate-
Space Station. More than 1000 CubeSats have been rial (wood, brick, etc.), square footage, whether it has a pool,
launched since specifications for these satellites were age of home, and sales price.
jointly developed by Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and 8. The individuals in this data set are
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Stanford University in 1999. The relative frequency

table summarizes data on the type of mission for each (A) the Hilton Head realtor who collected the data.
CubeSat launched in November and December 2019. 9
(B) all Hilton Head homeowners who sold their homes

Mission type Proportion during 2023.
Science 0.18 (C) the addresses of all homes sold in Hilton Head

Technology 0.28 during 2023.
Imaging 0.34 (D) all homes sold in Hilton Head during 2023.

Communications 0.12
(E) all homes in Hilton Head during 2023.
Education 0.08
9. This data set contains
(a) There were a total of 50 CubeSats launched during

these two months. How many had a communications (A) 7 variables, 2 of which are categorical.
mission type? (B) 7 variables, 3 of which are categorical.

(b) A report states that a majority of these CubeSat (C) 7 variables, 4 of which are categorical.

launches had an imaging mission type. Explain why
this statement is incorrect. (D) 8 variables, 3 of which are categorical.

(E) 8 variables, 4 of which are categorical.
Multiple Choice Select the best answer for each question .
Exercises 8 and 9 refer to the following setting . A realtor in
Hilton Head, South Carolina, collects data on all of the

SECTION 1B Displaying and Describing

categorical Data

LEARNING TARGETS By the end of the section, you should be able to:

• Make and interpret bar graphs of categorical data. • Identify what makes some graphs of categorical data

• Compare distributions of categorical data. misleading.
In this section, you will learn how to display and describe the distribution of a cat-
egorical variable. Sections 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F focus on displaying and describ-
ing the distribution of a quantitative variable. Unit 2 examines relationships
between two categorical or two quantitative variables. This process of exploratory
data analysis is known as descriptive statistics.

Displaying categorical Data: Bar Graphs

A frequency table or relative frequency table summarizes a variable’s distribution
with numbers. To display the distribution more clearly, use a graph. The most

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