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188 Unit 2 ■ Analyzing Comparisons and Representations
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TRM Graphic Organizer: Developing a Line of
Reasoning
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INSTRUCTIONAL FOCUS
Select Relevant Evidence
In this step, students will choose the best
evidence to support each topic sentence in their
literary argument. Teachers should encourage
students to annotate purposefully with a unifying
idea in mind so that their evidence will link to the
line of reasoning and the thesis statement.
Students should follow their evidence with a
sentence that identifies the function of the author
choice. In later units, students will work on
developing more depth in their commentary to
create a more sophisticated analysis.
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188 Unit 2 Analyzing Comparisons and Representations
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INSIDER Shifts in tone contribute to complexity. For your
AP ® TIP tone analysis, your line of reasoning will likely be guided
either by the author’s techniques that contribute to your
understanding of the tone or by a shift from one tone to
another. You can choose either of these options to focus your paragraph on
the tone and your unifying idea.
® SKILLS LITERARY ARGUMENTATION
AP PRACTICE Developing a Line of Reasoning
Review your thesis statement, which may or may not preview the line of reason-
ing. Record the topic sentences to represent your line of reasoning and place
them in a logical order. As you do this, consider the potential evidence from the
text that helped you arrive at your line of reasoning. That textual evidence will
serve as support for each of your techniques.
Supporting a Thesis Statement with a Line of Reasoning
Defensible Thesis Statement with Interpretation (idea + insight):
Topic Sentence 1 Topic Sentence 2 Topic Sentence 3
(Author’s first technique (Author’s second (Author’s third technique
that contributes to tone technique that that contributes to tone
and illustrates unifying contributes to tone and and illustrates unifying
idea): illustrates unifying idea): idea):
Select Relevant Evidence
After you have planned your line of reasoning, you must support each topic sen-
tence with relevant evidence from the text. In other words, every body paragraph
should include evidence. You should examine your notes for potential evidence
that you recorded as you developed your line of reasoning.
In this workshop, you have been focusing specifically on the tone of a text
and how the author’s use of figurative elements contributes to the tone and to your
interpretation of the text. Therefore, you will quote evidence that exemplifies the
following:
• Specific words and phrases in a text that convey a tone and relate to your
idea and insight
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