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16 UNIT 1 Exploring One-Variable Data

There are two important lessons to be learned from this example: (1) beware
caution
the pictograph and (2) watch those scales.

CHECK YOUR
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UNDERSTANDING
The Pew Research Center asked a random sample of 1502 U.S. adults about their
cell phone ownership. The frequency table summarizes their responses. 13

Type of cell phone Frequency
None 73
Cell phone, not smartphone 212
Smartphone 1217
Total 1502
1. Make a relative frequency bar graph to display the distribution of cell phone

ownership for the 1502 people in the sample. Describe what you see.
2. The following graph displays the distribution of cell phone ownership for each of

four age groups in the sample. Compare the distributions.
100
90
80
70 Phone ownership
60
Percent 50 No cell phone
40
30 Cell phone,
not smartphone
20
Smartphone
10
0
18–29 30–49 50–64 65+
Age group

SECTION 1B Summary

• A bar graph or pie chart can be used to display the distribution of a categorical
AP® EXAM TIP variable. When examining any graph, ask yourself, “What do I see?”
AP® Daily Videos

• You can use a side-by-side bar graph to compare the distribution of one cat-
Review the content of this egorical variable for two or more groups. Be sure to use relative frequencies
section and get extra help by when comparing groups of different sizes.
watching the AP® Daily Videos

for Topic 1.4, which are avail- • Beware of graphs that mislead the eye. Look at the scales to see if they have been
able in AP® Classroom. distorted to create a particular impression. Avoid making graphs that replace the
bars of a bar graph with pictures whose height and width both change.

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